List of tallest buildings in Poland
Poland has 42 high-rise buildings that stand at least 100 metres (330 ft) tall,[1] being one of 17 countries in the world to have a supertall skyscraper (building that rises at least 300 m (980 ft)).[2]
The country's first high-rises started to be constructed in Warsaw, Katowice, Wrocław and Łódź in the first half of the 20th century. The PAST Building was the first such building in Poland. Built in 1908, it was at that time the tallest residential building in Europe at 51.5 metres (169 ft), as well as one of the earliest reinforced concrete structures of this type in the continent.[3] Other early high-rises include the Drapacz Chmur, in Katowice, and the Prudential, in Warsaw, which was in its completion in 1933 the tenth tallest building in Europe at 66 metres (217 ft).[4]
At the beginning of the post-war period, the 237-metre (778 ft) tall Palace of Culture and Science was built in the centre of Warsaw at the behest of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin.[5][6] At the time of its completion in 1955, it was the eighth tallest building in the world and the second tallest in Europe, retaining these positions until 1961 and 1990, respectively.[7]
Poland saw a major increase in the number of high-rise buildings following its political transformation of 1989 and throughout the 21st century. Most of the country's tallest skyscrapers are located in the Śródmieście and Wola districts of Warsaw.[8] In Śródmieście, a cluster of skyscrapers is arranged around the centrally located Palace of Culture and Science. Since the 1970s the district's urban planning has been designed in a way that counterpoints the skyline domination by the Palace.[4]
The tallest building in Poland is currently the 310-metre (1017 ft) tall Varso Tower, in Warsaw, which is also the tallest building in the European Union and the sixth tallest building in Europe.[9][10][11]
Tallest buildings
[edit]This list ranks buildings in Poland that stand at least 100 metres (330 ft) tall.
Rank | Name | Image | City | Height | Floors | Year | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Varso Tower | Warsaw | 310 m (1,017 ft) | 53 | 2022 | The tallest building in the European Union and the sixth tallest building in Europe.[9][10][11][12] | |
2 | Palace of Culture and Science | Warsaw | 237 m (778 ft)[a] | 42 | 1955 | ||
3 | Warsaw Spire | Warsaw | 220 m (722 ft) | 49 | 2016 | [14] | |
4 | Sky Tower | Wrocław | 212 m (696 ft) | 51 | 2012 | The tallest building in Wrocław.[15][16] | |
5 | Warsaw Unit | Warsaw | 202 m (663 ft) | 46 | 2021 | [17][18] | |
6 | Skyliner | Warsaw | 195 m (640 ft) | 45 | 2020 | The Skyliner is Karimpol's biggest project.[19][20] | |
7 | Złota 44 | Warsaw | 192 m (630 ft) | 54 | 2012 | Designed by Daniel Liebeskind, it is the tallest residential building in Poland.[21][22] | |
8 | Warsaw Trade Tower | Warsaw | 187.2 m (614 ft) | 43 | 1999 | It has one of Europe's fastest elevators, travelling at a speed of 7 metres per second (23 ft/s).[23] | |
9 | InterContinental Warsaw | Warsaw | 163.5 m (536 ft) | 45 | 2004 | The building houses the third tallest hotel in Europe (after Hotel Ukraina and Gran Hotel Bali). | |
10 | Cosmopolitan Twarda 2/4 | Warsaw | 160 m (525 ft) | 44 | 2013 | ||
11 | Rondo 1 | Warsaw | 159.2 m (522 ft) | 41 | 2006 | [24] | |
12 | Olivia Star | Gdańsk | 156 m (512 ft) | 35 | 2018 | The tallest building in Gdańsk and Tricity.[25] | |
13= | Q22 | Warsaw | 155 m (509 ft) | 42 | 2016 | The letter "Q" in the building's name alludes to the structure of quartz crystal, which inspired its architectural design.[26] | |
Skysawa | Warsaw | 155 m (509 ft) | 40 | 2022 | [27] | ||
15 | Warsaw Financial Center | Warsaw | 143.9 m (472 ft) | 34 | 1998 | ||
16= | Centrum LIM | Warsaw | 140 m (459 ft) | 43 | 1989 | [28] | |
Mennica Legacy Tower | Warsaw | 140 m (459 ft) | 34 | 2020 | [29] | ||
Generation Park | Warsaw | 140 m (459 ft) | 34 | 2020 | |||
19 | Chałubińskiego 8 | Warsaw | 139 m (456 ft) | 42 | 1979 | Formerly known as Intraco II and Oxford Tower. | |
20 | KTW II | Katowice | 133 m (436 ft) | 31 | 2022 | The tallest building in Katowice.[30][31] | |
21= | The Warsaw Hub 1 | Warsaw | 130 m (427 ft) | 31 | 2020 | [32] | |
The Warsaw Hub 2 | Warsaw | 130 m (427 ft) | 31 | 2020 | [32] | ||
23 | Spektrum Tower | Warsaw | 128 m (420 ft) | 30 | 2001 | Unique features of the building include a helipad on the roof and an external elevator shaft, which connects the street level with one of the higher office floors.[33] | |
24 | Sea Towers | Gdynia | 127.4 m (418 ft) | 36 | 2009 | The tallest building in Gdynia.[34] | |
25= | Altus | Katowice | 125 m (410 ft) | 30 | 2002 | ||
Hanza Tower | Szczecin | 125 m (410 ft) | 28 | 2020 | The tallest building in Szczecin.[35] | ||
27 | Forest | Warsaw | 120 m (394 ft) | 29 | 2021 | ||
28 | Central Tower | Warsaw | 115 m (377 ft) | 26 | 1993 | ||
29= | Atlas Tower | Warsaw | 112 m (367 ft) | 28 | 1999 | Formerly known as Millennium Plaza. | |
Łucka City | Warsaw | 112 m (367 ft) | 30 | 2004 | |||
31 | Novotel Warszawa Centrum | Warsaw | 110 m (361 ft) | 33 | 1979 | ||
32 | Intraco I | Warsaw | 107 m (351 ft) | 39 | 1975 | Between 1975 and 1978 it was the tallest office building in Warsaw.[36] | |
33= | Złote Tarasy | Warsaw | 105 m (344 ft) | 26 | 2007 | ||
K1 | Kraków | 105 m (344 ft) | 20 | 1998 | The tallest building in Kraków.[37] | ||
35= | Global Office Park A1 | Katowice | 104 m (341 ft) | 25 | 2022 | [38][39] | |
Global Office Park A2 | Katowice | 104 m (341 ft) | 25 | 2022 | [38][40] | ||
PZU Tower | Warsaw | 104 m (341 ft) | 20 | 2000 | Headquarters of PZU Group. | ||
38 | Ilmet | Warsaw | 103 m (338 ft) | 22 | 1997 | ||
39 | Unity Tower | Kraków | 102.5 m (336 ft) | 27 | 2020 | Popularly known as Szkieletor ("Skeletor"), the completion of the building took almost 45 years.[41][42] | |
40 | Andersia Tower | Poznań | 102 m (335 ft) | 21 | 2007 | The tallest building in Poznań.[43] | |
41 | Organika Trade | Gdańsk | 100.5 m (330 ft) | 20 | 1980 | ||
42 | Błękitny Wieżowiec | Warsaw | 100 m (328 ft) | 28 | 1991 | It stands in the place that was occupied before World War II by Warsaw's largest synagogue, the Great Synagogue.[44] |
Under construction
[edit]This list ranks buildings under construction in Poland that plan to stand at least 100 metres (330 ft) tall.
Name | City | Height | Floors | Planned completion |
---|---|---|---|---|
Olszynki Park W | Rzeszów | 181 m (594 ft) | 41 | 2024[45] |
The Bridge | Warsaw | 174 m (571 ft) | 40 | 2025[46] |
Skyreach | Warsaw | 170 m (558 ft) | 48 | [47] |
Cavatina Quorum B | Wrocław | 140 m (459 ft) | 35 | [48] |
Upper One | Warsaw | 131.5 m (431 ft) | 34 | 2026[49] |
Skyliner II | Warsaw | 130 m (427 ft) | 33 | 2026[50][51] |
Atal Olimpijska B | Katowice | 128 m (420 ft) | 36 | 2025 |
Atal Sky+ A | Katowice | 121 m (397 ft) | 35 | 2025 |
Silver Tower | Poznań | 116 m (381 ft) | 25 | 2025[52] |
Towarowa Tower A | Warsaw | 105 m (344 ft) | 29 | 2024[53][54] |
Towarowa Tower B | Warsaw | 105 m (344 ft) | 29 | 2024[53][54] |
Studio A | Warsaw | 102 m (335 ft) | 26 | 2025[55] |
Approved
[edit]This list ranks approved buildings in Poland that plan to stand at least 100 metres (330 ft) tall.
Name | City | Height | Floors | Planned start |
---|---|---|---|---|
Oz-Bud Office Centre A | Wrocław | 214.2 m (703 ft) | 53 | [56] |
Roma Tower | Warsaw | 170 m (558 ft) | 46 | 2024[57][58][59] |
Oz-Bud Office Centre B | Wrocław | 166.2 m (545 ft) | 41 | [56] |
Port Praski 1 | Warsaw | 160 m (525 ft) | [60] | |
Towarowa 22 Tower 1 | Warsaw | 150 m (492 ft) | 2024–2025[61][62] | |
Liberty Tower | Warsaw | 140 m (459 ft) | 41 | [63][64] |
Oz-Bud Office Centre D | Wrocław | 134.2 m (440 ft) | 33 | [56] |
Oz-Bud Office Centre C | Wrocław | 130.2 m (427 ft) | 32 | [56] |
Chopin Tower | Warsaw | 130 m (427 ft) | 2024–2025[65] | |
Sobieski Tower | Warsaw | 130 m (427 ft) | 34 | 2024–2025[66] |
Spark | Warsaw | 130 m (427 ft) | 30 | 2027[67] |
Towarowa 22 Tower 2 | Warsaw | 120 m (394 ft) | 2024–2025[62] | |
Port Praski 2 | Warsaw | 120 m (394 ft) | [60] | |
Towarowa 22 Tower 3 | Warsaw | 110 m (361 ft) | 2024–2025[62] | |
Port Praski 3 | Warsaw | 110 m (361 ft) | [60] | |
Port Praski 4 | Warsaw | 100 m (328 ft) | 23 | [60] |
Timeline of tallest buildings
[edit]Name | Image | City | Height | Floors | Years as tallest |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PAST Building | Warsaw | 51.5 m (169 ft) | 11 | 1908–1933 | |
Prudential | Warsaw | 66 m (217 ft) | 17 | 1933–1955[b] | |
Palace of Culture and Science | Warsaw | 237 m (778 ft) | 42 | 1955–2022 | |
Varso Tower | Warsaw | 310 m (1,020 ft) | 53 | 2022–present |
Cities with buildings over 100 metres
[edit]City | ≥300 m | ≥250 m | ≥200 m | ≥150 m | ≥100 m |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Warsaw | 1 | 1 | 4 | 12 | 30 |
Katowice | 4 | ||||
Gdańsk | 1 | 2 | |||
Kraków | 2 | ||||
Wrocław | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
Poznań | 1 | ||||
Gdynia | 1 | ||||
Szczecin | 1 |
Cities with buildings over 100 metres under construction
[edit]City | ≥300 m | ≥250 m | ≥200 m | ≥150 m | ≥100 m |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Warsaw | 2 | 7 | |||
Katowice | 2 | ||||
Rzeszów | 1 | 1 | |||
Wrocław | 1 | ||||
Poznań | 1 |
See also
[edit]- List of tallest buildings in Warsaw
- List of tallest buildings in Katowice
- List of tallest buildings in Poznań
- List of tallest buildings in Europe
Notes
[edit]Footnotes
[edit]- ^ Height according to the official website of the Palace which claims that the additional 6-metre spire-antenna addition is an integral part of the spire.[13]
- ^ The building's structure was heavily damaged during the Warsaw Uprising of 1944, when it was hit by approximately 1,000 artillery shells, including by a 2-tonne Karl-Gerät mortar shell. The artillery damage left only the steel framework standing and bent the tower sideways, but it survived the war and was rebuilt afterwards, remaining as Poland's tallest building until 1955.[68]
Citations
[edit]- ^ "Poland". The Skyscraper Center. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Archived from the original on 5 October 2022. Retrieved 5 October 2022.
- ^ "Countries by Number of 300m+ Buildings". The Skyscraper Center. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Archived from the original on 5 October 2022. Retrieved 5 October 2022.
- ^ Gajewski, Marian (1979). Urządzenia komunalne Warszawy. Zarys historyczny (in Polish). Warsaw: State Publishing Institute PIW. p. 28. ISBN 83-06-00089-7.
- ^ a b Kowalczyk, Ryszard; Skrzypczak, Jerzy; Olenski, Wojciech (2013). "Politics, History, and Height In Warsaw's Skyline" (PDF). Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ Dawson, Andrew H. (1999). "From Glittering Icon to..." The Geographical Journal. 165 (2): 154–160. doi:10.2307/3060413. ISSN 0016-7398. JSTOR 3060413. Archived from the original on 17 February 2023. Retrieved 17 February 2023.
- ^ Jabłoński, Krzysztof (1984). "Kronika odbudowy, budowy i rozbudowy 1945–1982". Warszawa: portret miasta (in Polish). Warsaw: Arkady. ISBN 83-213-2993-4.
- ^ Białas, Adam (31 May 2023). "Miała być wieża, powstał pałac. Niezwykła historia Warszawy sprzed lat". Onet (in Polish). Archived from the original on 3 June 2023. Retrieved 4 June 2023.
- ^ "Skyscrapers will change the image of Warsaw". Focus on Business. 20 April 2017. Retrieved 5 October 2022.
- ^ a b Parkes, James (26 October 2022). "Foster + Partners completes EU's tallest building in Warsaw". Dezeen. Archived from the original on 19 January 2023. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
- ^ a b Dowell, Stuart (14 September 2022). "Tallest building in EU officially opens to become 'new symbol of Warsaw'". The First News. Archived from the original on 5 October 2022. Retrieved 5 October 2022.
- ^ a b McLaughlin, Katherine (26 October 2022). "The Tallest Building in the EU Was Just Completed in an Unexpected City". Architectural Digest. Archived from the original on 20 January 2023. Retrieved 20 January 2023.
- ^ North, Nathan (22 February 2021). "Varso Tower now the EU's tallest". EurobuildCEE. Archived from the original on 30 July 2022. Retrieved 30 July 2022.
- ^ "Informacje o PKiN". pkin.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 26 June 2023.
- ^ Suska, Katarzyna (19 April 2016). "Warsaw Spire gets occupancy permit". EurobuildCEE. Archived from the original on 19 January 2023. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
- ^ Wronecki, Przemysław (24 May 2012). "Galeria Sky Tower. Sklepy już czynne (ZDJĘCIA)". Gazeta Wrocławska (in Polish). Archived from the original on 7 March 2023. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
- ^ "Sky Tower: punkt widokowy już otwarty (ZDJĘCIA)". wroclaw.pl (in Polish). 3 January 2014. Archived from the original on 18 November 2022. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
- ^ S. Majewski, Jerzy (November–December 2021). "Warszawa sięga chmur". Stolica. Warsaw. pp. 6–8.
- ^ "Warsaw Unit Warszawa Pańska 112". urbanity.pl (in Polish). Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 15 January 2023.
- ^ Wróblewski, Piotr (29 September 2017). "Skyliner pnie się w górę. Będzie miał 195 metrów i podniebny bar. "Najlepszy budynek na Woli!"". Warszawa Nasze Miasto (in Polish). Retrieved 20 June 2023.
- ^ "Skyliner in numbers". skylinerbykarimpol.pl. Skyliner by Karimpol. Archived from the original on 18 May 2022. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
- ^ Lanktree, Graham (23 June 2015). "As confidence grows in Warsaw, Libeskind-designed tower relaunched". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on 1 June 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
- ^ "Amstar and BBI development to acquire prestigous [sic] residential project in Warsaw (PL)". Europe Real Estate. 29 August 2014. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
- ^ "Warsaw Trade Tower". Globalworth. Archived from the original on 4 December 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
- ^ "Top class office building in Warsaw". rondo1.pl. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
- ^ Brancewicz, Michał (30 June 2016). "Tak wygląda Olivia Star, najwyższy budynek w Trójmieście" [This is what Olivia Star looks like, the tallest building in Tricity]. Trojmiasto.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ "Bryła jak kryształ kwarcu. Q22 walczy o główną nagrodę Property Design Awards 2017". PropertyDesign (in Polish). 10 February 2017. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 12 February 2021.
- ^ "THE OVER 155-METER SKYSAWA TOWER IS TOPPED OUT". PHN. 29 July 2021. Archived from the original on 22 September 2021. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
- ^ "LIM Center – Kompleks biurowo-hotelowy w centrum Warszawy". lim.pl. Archived from the original on 16 August 2022. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
- ^ North, Nathan (13 November 2020). "Mennica Legacy Tower ready to go". EurobuildCEE. Archived from the original on 25 July 2021. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
- ^ "Construction of .KTW II Office Complex in Katowice Completed". EuropaProperty.com. 18 February 2022. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
- ^ North, Nathan (14 February 2022). ".KTW II ready for occupants". EurobuildCEE. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
- ^ a b "Rondo Daszyńskiego. Kopią pod wieżowce 7 metrów poniżej metra [ZDJĘCIA]". warszawa.wyborcza.pl (in Polish). 28 June 2017. Archived from the original on 31 October 2021. Retrieved 31 October 2021.
- ^ "Wieżowiec w centrum sprzedany za ok. 450 mln zł". warszawa.wyborcza.pl (in Polish). 12 July 2018. Archived from the original on 31 October 2021. Retrieved 31 October 2021.
- ^ Dzwonnik, Maciej (19 March 2019). "Sea Towers w Gdyni ma już 10 lat. Symbol miasta czy martwa strefa?". Wyborcza.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ "Kiedy Hanza Tower będzie gotowa? Znamy aktualne terminy zakończenia prac". wszczecinie.pl (in Polish). 28 August 2020. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
- ^ Leśniewska, Marta (2005). Architektura w Warszawie 1965-1989. Warsaw: Arkada Pracownia Sztuki. p. 17. ISBN 83-908950-7-2.
- ^ "Najwyższy budynek w Krakowie zmienił właściciela". wprost.pl (in Polish). 27 March 2019. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
- ^ a b "Global Office Park". Cavatina. Archived from the original on 28 November 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
- ^ "Global Office Park, Building A1". The Skyscraper Center. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
- ^ "Global Office Park, Building A2". The Skyscraper Center. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
- ^ Bretan, Juliette (14 October 2020). "Communist-era skyscraper completed in Kraków after 45 years". Notes From Poland. Archived from the original on 28 April 2023. Retrieved 13 May 2023.
- ^ McManus, Jack (9 July 2018). "History's Most Notorious Unfinished Buildings". ArchDaily. Archived from the original on 10 November 2022. Retrieved 15 January 2023.
- ^ Głaz, Kuba (14 October 2022). "Rośnie najwyższy wieżowiec Poznania. Zmieni sylwetę śródmieścia". Architektura & Biznes (in Polish). Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ "Wielka Synagoga wyświetlona na Błękitnym Wieżowcu. W geście solidarności z gnębionymi mniejszościami". warszawa.wyborcza.pl (in Polish). 26 September 2020. Archived from the original on 31 October 2021. Retrieved 31 October 2021.
- ^ Toś, Michał (17 February 2023). "Tu powstaje najwyższy wieżowiec w Rzeszowie - Olszynki Park. Zobacz, jak przebiega budowa [ZDJĘCIA]". rzeszow24.info (in Polish). Retrieved 13 May 2023.
- ^ "Preparations Underway for Construction of 'The Bridge' Skyscraper". UNStudio. 1 February 2021. Archived from the original on 30 July 2022. Retrieved 30 July 2022.
- ^ Meuwissen, Sébastien (3 August 2022). "New "Skyreach" skyscraper is to be built in the centre of Warsaw". British Poles. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
- ^ Szeremeta, Paweł (7 July 2022). "Tu będzie drugi najwyższy budynek we Wrocławiu. Nad Odrą powstaje kompleks Quorum [ZDJĘCIA]" [The second tallest building in Wrocław will be located here. The Quorum complex is being built on the Odra River [PHOTOS]]. wroclaw.pl (in Polish). Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
- ^ "Hotel and office complex to replace Atrium". EurobuildCEE. 18 November 2022. Archived from the original on 3 December 2022. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
- ^ "Karimpol to start second phase of Skyliner in Warsaw". Property Forum. 4 April 2023. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 13 May 2023.
- ^ "Construction of Skyliner II will start in fall". officefinder.pl. 11 April 2023. Retrieved 13 May 2023.
- ^ "Andersia Silver Tower". urbanity.pl (in Polish). Archived from the original on 24 September 2022. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
- ^ a b "Work starts on Towarowa Towers". EurobuildCEE. 28 April 2021. Archived from the original on 25 September 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
- ^ a b "Apartment on the top floor of new Warsaw skyscraper sold for $1.3 million". Realting.com. Archived from the original on 20 April 2022. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
- ^ Białas, Kamil (11 August 2021). "Wieżowiec Studio od Skanska. Zbudują go w centrum Warszawy". WhiteMAD (in Polish). Archived from the original on 6 February 2023. Retrieved 13 May 2023.
- ^ a b c d Maślak, Piotr (23 November 2022). "Mają zgodę na budowę we Wrocławiu wieżowca wyższego niż Sky Tower". urbanity.pl (in Polish). Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
- ^ "Roma Tower – a new landmark in the Warsaw skyline". Time for Polska. March 2018. Archived from the original on 6 October 2022. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
- ^ "Barrier to Roma Tower development removed". EurobuildCEE. 23 February 2022. Archived from the original on 6 October 2022. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
- ^ "O krok bliżej do rozpoczęcia budowy 170-metrowego biurowca Roma Tower w centrum Warszawy" [One step closer to the start of construction of the 170-metre Roma Tower office building in the center of Warsaw]. investmap.pl (in Polish). 9 September 2022. Archived from the original on 6 October 2022. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
- ^ a b c d Kępiński, Kacper (22 July 2022). "Prague Port construction to speed up? Polish-Slovak developer alliance". Architektura & Business. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
- ^ "From printing plant to park". EurobuildCEE. 21 March 2023. Archived from the original on 7 May 2023. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
- ^ a b c Maślak, Piotr (21 March 2023). "Rewolucja przy Towarowej 22 w centrum Warszawy. Poznaliśmy szczegóły inwestycji Echo Investment". urbanity.pl (in Polish). Archived from the original on 7 May 2023. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
- ^ Pakulniewicz, Anna (12 February 2019). "Golub GetHouse presents Liberty Tower". EurobuildCEE. Archived from the original on 6 October 2022. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
- ^ Maślak, Piotr (19 January 2023). "AT Capital Group kupuje działkę przy Grzybowskiej pod budowę 140-metrowego wieżowca" [AT Capital Group buys a plot of land at Grzybowska for the construction of a 140-metre skyscraper]. urbanity.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 19 January 2023.
- ^ Maślak, Piotr (15 March 2023). "130-metrowy wieżowiec zastąpi oczko wodne w centrum Warszawy. Ghelamco prezentuje projekt Chopin Tower". urbanity.pl (in Polish). Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 13 May 2023.
- ^ "W Warszawie ma powstać nowy, 130-metrowy wieżowiec Sobieski Tower. Tak może wyglądać". investmap.pl (in Polish). 29 May 2022. Archived from the original on 13 August 2022. Retrieved 13 May 2023.
- ^ "Spark". Skanska. Archived from the original on 17 January 2022. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
- ^ Oleksiak, Wojciech (26 June 2015). "One Photo One Story: The Skyscraper that Became the Symbol of the Warsaw Uprising". Culture.pl. Retrieved 26 June 2023.
Further reading
[edit]- Murawski, Michał (2019). The Palace Complex: A Stalinist Skyscraper, Capitalist Warsaw, and a City Transfixed. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-03996-5.
- Zaborowska, Magdalena (2001). "The Height of (Architectural) Seduction: Reading the "Changes" through Stalin's Palace in Warsaw, Poland". Journal of Architectural Education. 54 (4). Taylor & Francis: 205–217. doi:10.1162/10464880152474529.