Stilt

Stilt
	Adult black-winged stilt in Tanzania
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Charadriiformes
Family:	Recurvirostridae
Genus:	Himantopus; Brisson, 1760
Type species
	Charadrius himantopus; Linnaeus, 1758
Genera
	Himantopus; Cladorhynchus;

Stilt is a common name for several species of birds in the family Recurvirostridae, which also includes those known as avocets. They are found in brackish or saline wetlands in warm or hot climates.

They have extremely long legs, hence the group name, and long thin bills. Stilts typically feed on aquatic insects and other small creatures and nest on the ground surface in loose colonies.

Most sources recognize 6 species in 2 genera, although the white-backed and Hawaiian stilts are occasionally considered subspecies of the black-necked stilt.

The genus Charadrius was introduced by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760 with the black-winged stilt (Himantopus himantopus) as the type species.^[1]^[2] The generic name Himantopus comes from the Ancient Greek meaning "strap-leg".^[3]

Species

The genus Himantopus contains five species:^[4]

Black-winged stilt, Himantopus himantopus
White-backed stilt, Himantopus melanurus
Pied stilt, Himantopus leucocephalus
Black-necked stilt, Himantopus mexicanus
- Hawaiian stilt or aeʻo, Himantopus mexicanus knudseni
Black stilt, Himantopus novaezelandiae

The genus Cladorhynchus is monotypic and contains a single species:^[4]

Banded stilt, Cladorhynchus leucocephalus

A fossil stilt has been described by Bickart, 1990, as Himantopus olsoni, based on remains recovered in the Late Miocene Big Sandy Formation of Mohave County, Arizona, United States.^[5]

References

^ Brisson, Mathurin Jacques (1760). Ornithologie, ou, Méthode Contenant la Division des Oiseaux en Ordres, Sections, Genres, Especes & leurs Variétés (in French and Latin). Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche. Vol. 1, p. 46, Vol. 5, p. 33.
^ Peters, James Lee, ed. (1934). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 2. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 289.
^ Jobling, James (2010). Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Helm. p. 191. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
^ ^a ^b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2019). "Buttonquail, plovers, seedsnipe, sandpipers". World Bird List Version 9.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
^ Bickart, K. J. (1990). "Part I: The Birds of the Late Miocene-Early Pliocene Big Sandy Formation, Mohave County, Arizona". Ornithological Monographs (44): 1–72. doi:10.2307/40166673. JSTOR 40166673.

[1] Brisson, Mathurin Jacques (1760). Ornithologie, ou, Méthode Contenant la Division des Oiseaux en Ordres, Sections, Genres, Especes & leurs Variétés (in French and Latin). Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche. Vol. 1, p. 46, Vol. 5, p. 33.

[2] Peters, James Lee, ed. (1934). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 2. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 289.

[3] Jobling, James (2010). Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Helm. p. 191. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.

[ioc-4] Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2019). "Buttonquail, plovers, seedsnipe, sandpipers". World Bird List Version 9.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 3 April 2019.

[5] Bickart, K. J. (1990). "Part I: The Birds of the Late Miocene-Early Pliocene Big Sandy Formation, Mohave County, Arizona". Ornithological Monographs (44): 1–72. doi:10.2307/40166673. JSTOR 40166673.

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