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Ntare V of Burundi

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Ntare V
King Ntare V at his coronation ceremony
King of Burundi
Reign8 July 1966 – 28 November 1966
Coronation3 September 1966
PredecessorMwambutsa IV
SuccessorMonarchy abolished
Prime ministerMichel Micombero
BornPrince Charles Ndizeye of Burundi
(1947-12-02)2 December 1947
Gitega, Burundi, Ruanda-Urundi
Died29 April 1972(1972-04-29) (aged 24)
Gitega, Burundi
HouseNtwero
FatherMwambutsa IV Bangiricenge
MotherBaramparaye Ruhasha
ReligionCatholicism

Ntare V of Burundi (born Charles Ndizeye; 2 December 1947 – 29 April 1972) was the last king (mwami) of Burundi, reigning from July to November 1966. Until his accession, he was known as Crown Prince Charles Ndizeye.

He seized power in July 1966 by deposing his own father. He reigned until November, when prime minister Michel Micombero overthrew him, ending the Burundian monarchy. He went into exile but returned in 1972. Later that year, during Martyazo's short-lived bid for independence, he was killed under unclear circumstances.

Early life

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Charles Ndizeye was the son of King Mwambutsa IV (1912–1977) and Queen Baramparaye Ruhasha (1929–2007). He had one half-brother (Prince Louis Rwagasore, assassinated 1961 whilst prime minister), and two half-sisters: Princess Rosa Paula Iribagiza (born 1934) and Princess Regina Kanyange (died 1987). Ndizeye was educated at Institut Le Rosey in Switzerland.[citation needed]

Rule

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Crowning of Ntare V in Burundi
Modern-day view of the ceremonially planted tree (ikigabiro) from the coronation of Ntare V

After a Hutu-led coup attempt in October 1965, Mwambutsa IV went into exile in Switzerland. In March 1966, Mwambusta IV designated his only surviving son as heir to the throne.[1] The Crown Prince then formally deposed his father and his father's government in July 1966. He was formally crowned on 3 September, taking the regnal name Ntare V.[2] King Ntare himself was deposed, later the same year, in a military coup led by Michel Micombero;[3] the former king went into exile in West Germany and later Uganda.

Execution

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See also: Ikiza

Ntare V returned to Burundi in March 1972. Soon afterwards the Hutus began an uprising against the government and established the short-lived state of Martyazo. Ugandan President Idi Amin claimed he received a written guarantee from President Micombero that Ntare could return to Burundi and live there as a private citizen. Using the helicopter at his disposal from Amin, Ntare arrived. Within a few hours he was put under house arrest in the former palace in Gitega.[4] Soon after, an official radio broadcast proclaimed that Ntare was trying to instigate a mercenary invasion of Burundi to take back rule.[5] Some ministers favored keeping him under restricted protection in Gitega, while others wanted him dead. The situation was unofficially resolved when Ntare was assassinated sometime between Saturday evening, 29 April, and the following morning, under circumstances which remain unclear.

Whether there was a conspiracy or his death involved with a violent spontaneous outbreak in Gitega has not been determined.[6] Researcher Nigel Watt argued that Ntare's murder was motivated by the Burundian government's fear that monarchists might support the Hutu rebellion.[7] Radio Nationale du Burundi (RNB Broadcasting) announced that the king was shot while attempting to escape from the palace where he had been "under arrest". The king's supporters claim he was taken from the Royal Palace and executed by a firing squad before being thrown into a common grave. The king was 24 years old. Meanwhile, the Hutu uprising was quelled by Micombero's forces. Between 80,000 and 210,000 people died in the ensuing war and genocide.[8][9]

Distinctions

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National orders

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  • Grand Master of the Royal Order of Prince Louis Rwagasore.[citation needed]
  • Grand Master of the Royal Order of Rukinzo (Royal Male Drum).[citation needed]
  • Grand Master of the Royal Order of Karyenda (Royal Female Drum).[citation needed]
  • Grand Master of the Military Order of Karyenda (Royal Female Drum).[citation needed]

Foreign honour

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Ancestry

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Ancestors of Ntare V of Burundi
8. Mwezi IV, Sultan and Mwami of Burundi
4. Mutaga IV, Sultan and Mwami of Burundi
9. Vyano, of the Bunyakarama clan
2. Mwambutsa IV, King of Burundi
5. Princess Ngenzahago, of the Munyagisaka clan
1. Ntare V, King of Burundi
6. Umuganwa ntare Mathias Ruhasha, of the Bakundo clan
3. Baramparaye
7. Bernadette Mucereza

References

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  1. ^ Michael Crowder (1984). The Cambridge History of Africa. Cambridge University Press. pp. 737–. ISBN 978-0-521-22409-3.
  2. ^ (in French) Le Monde (3 September 1966): "Le prince Charles Ndizeye est proclamé roi".
  3. ^ Watt 2016, p. 34.
  4. ^ Charles Mohr (6 April 1972). "Burundi Seizes Ex-King After Luring Him Back With a Pledge of Safe Conduct". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
  5. ^ "Burundi Says Ex-King Is Dead as Coup Fails". The New York Times. 1 May 1972. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
  6. ^ Melady, Thomas (1974). Burundi: The Tragic years. New York: Orbis Books. pp. 5–6. ISBN 0-88344-045-8.
  7. ^ Watt 2016, pp. 35–36.
  8. ^ White, Matthew. Death Tolls for the Major Wars and Atrocities of the Twentieth Century: C. Burundi (1972-73, primarily Hutu killed by Tutsi) 120,000
  9. ^ International Commission of Inquiry for Burundi (2002). Paragraph 85. "The Micombero regime responded with a genocidal repression that is estimated to have caused over a hundred thousand victims and forced several hundred thousand Hutus into exile"

Works cited

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  • Watt, Nigel (2016) [1st pub. 2008]. Burundi: Biography of a Small African Country (Revised and updated ed.). London: C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 978-1849045094.
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Ntare V of Burundi
House of Ntwero
Born: 2 December 1947 Died: 29 April 1972
Regnal titles
Preceded by King of Burundi
8 July 1966 – 28 November 1966 		Vacant
Political offices
Preceded byas King of Burundi Head of State of Burundi
8 July 1966 – 28 November 1966 		Succeeded byas President of Burundi
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