Disulfuric acid

Disulfuric acid
Names
	IUPAC name Disulfuric acid
	Other names Pyrosulfuric acid, Oleum
Identifiers
CAS Number	7783-05-3 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image; Interactive image; Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:29211 ;
ChemSpider	56433 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.029.069
EC Number	231-976-8;
MeSH	Pyrosulfuric+acid
PubChem CID	62682;
UNII	NTC1O8E83E ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID7064817 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/H2O7S2/c1-8(2,3)7-9(4,5)6/h(H,1,2,3)(H,4,5,6) Key: VFNGKCDDZUSWLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/H2O7S2/c1-8(2,3)7-9(4,5)6/h(H,1,2,3)(H,4,5,6) Key: VFNGKCDDZUSWLR-UHFFFAOYAZ;
	SMILES OS(=O)(=O)OS(O)(=O)=O; OS(=O)(=O)OS(=O)(=O)O; O=S(=O)(O)OS(=O)(=O)O;
Properties
Chemical formula	H2O7S2
Molar mass	178.13 g·mol−1
Appearance	colorless
Melting point	36 °C (97 °F; 309 K)
Acidity (pKa)	2.5 (20 °C; in conc. H2SO4)
Conjugate base	Disulfate
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Disulfuric acid (alternative spelling disulphuric acid) or pyrosulfuric acid (alternative spelling pyrosulphuric acid), also named oleum, is a sulfur oxoacid.^[3] It is a major constituent of fuming sulfuric acid, oleum, and this is how most chemists encounter it. As confirmed by X-ray crystallography, the molecule consists of a pair of SO₂(OH) groups joined by an oxide.^[4]

Reactions

It is also a minor constituent of liquid anhydrous sulfuric acid due to the equilibria: ${\begin{aligned}{\ce {H2SO4}}&{\ce {<=>H2O + SO3}}\\{\ce {SO3 + H2SO4}}&{\ce {<=> H2S2O7}}\\{\ce {2H2SO4}}&{\ce {<=> H2O + H2S2O7}}\end{aligned}}$ The acid is prepared by reacting excess sulfur trioxide (SO₃) with sulfuric acid: ${\ce {H2SO4 + SO3 -> H2S2O7}}$

Disulfuric acid can be seen as the sulfuric acid analog of an acid anhydride. The mutual electron-withdrawing effects of each sulfuric acid unit on its neighbour causes a marked increase in acidity. Disulfuric acid is strong enough to protonate "normal" sulfuric acid in the (anhydrous) sulfuric acid solvent system. There are salts of disulfuric acid, commonly called pyrosulfates, e.g. potassium pyrosulfate.

There are other related acids with the general formula H₂O·(SO₃)_x though none can be isolated.

References

^ International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (2005). Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 2005). Cambridge (UK): RSC–IUPAC. ISBN 0-85404-438-8. p. 130. Electronic version.
^ Perrin, D. D., ed. (1982) [1969]. Ionisation Constants of Inorganic Acids and Bases in Aqueous Solution. IUPAC Chemical Data (2nd ed.). Oxford: Pergamon (published 1984). Entry 62. ISBN 0-08-029214-3. LCCN 82-16524.
^ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
^ Hönle, Wolfgang (1991). "Crystal structure of H2S2O7 at 298 K". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials. 196 (1–4). doi:10.1524/zkri.1991.196.14.279. S2CID 101311329.

[1] International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (2005). Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 2005). Cambridge (UK): RSC–IUPAC. ISBN 0-85404-438-8. p. 130. Electronic version.

[P82db-2] Perrin, D. D., ed. (1982) [1969]. Ionisation Constants of Inorganic Acids and Bases in Aqueous Solution. IUPAC Chemical Data (2nd ed.). Oxford: Pergamon (published 1984). Entry 62. ISBN 0-08-029214-3. LCCN 82-16524.

[3] Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.

[4] Hönle, Wolfgang (1991). "Crystal structure of H2S2O7 at 298 K". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials. 196 (1–4). doi:10.1524/zkri.1991.196.14.279. S2CID 101311329.

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Reactions

See also

References