Jump to content

L'Oréal

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Loreal" redirects here. For its use as an adjective, see Lore (anatomy) and Folklore.

L'Oréal S.A.
Company typePublic
Euronext Paris: OR
CAC 40 component
ISINFR0000120321
IndustryConsumer goods
Founded30 July 1909; 115 years ago (1909-07-30)
FounderEugène Schueller
Headquarters
Clichy
,
France
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Products
RevenueIncrease €41.18 billion (2023)[1]
Increase €8.14 billion (2023)[1]
Increase €6.18 billion (2023)[1]
Total assetsIncrease €51.85 billion (2023)[1]
Total equityIncrease €29.08 billion (2023)[1]
Number of employees
88,000 (2019)[1]
Subsidiaries
Websitewww.loreal.com

L'Oréal S.A. (French: [lɔʁe.al]) is a French multinational personal care corporation registered in Paris[2] and headquartered in Clichy, Hauts-de-Seine.[3] It is the world's largest cosmetics company, with activities spannning skin care, sun protection, make-up, perfume, hair care and hair color.[4]

History

[edit]

Founding

[edit]

In the early 20th century, Eugène Paul Louis Schueller (1881–1957), a young French chemist, developed a hair dye formula called Oréale. Schueller formulated and manufactured his own products, which he sold to Parisian hairdressers.[5][6] On 31 July 1909, Schueller registered his company,[7] the Société Française de Teintures Inoffensives pour Cheveux (Safe Hair Dye Company of France). The company eventually became L'Oréal. In 1920, the company employed three chemists; the number of employees continued to grow with 100 by the year 1950, and 1,000 by the year 1984; as recently as 2021, there was an estimated total of 85,252 worldwide.[8]

L'Oréal got its start in the hair-color business, but the company soon branched out into other cleansing and beauty products. As of 2020, L'Oréal markets in all sectors of the beauty business: hair color, permanents, hair styling, body and skincare, cleansers, makeup, and fragrance. The company's products are found in a wide variety of outlets, from hair salons and perfumeries to supermarkets, health/beauty outlets, pharmacies, and direct mail.[5][6]

Recent history and acquisitions

[edit]

In 2017, Liliane Bettencourt the daughter of the founder of L'Oréal, died and left the business to her daughter, Françoise Bettencourt Meyers.[5]

From 1988 to 1989, L'Oréal controlled the film company Paravision International, whose properties included the Filmation and De Laurentiis libraries. StudioCanal acquired the Paravision properties in 1994.[citation needed]

As of 2022, L'Oréal owned 36 brands. As of October 4, 2021, the company registered 497 patents.[9]

L'Oréal purchased Synthélabo in 1973 to pursue its ambitions in the pharmaceutical field. Synthélabo merged with Sanofi in 1999 to become Sanofi-Synthélabo. Sanofi-Synthélabo merged with Aventis in 2004 to become Sanofi-Aventis.[10]

On 17 March 2006, L'Oréal purchased cosmetics company The Body Shop for £562 million.[11]

In May 2008, L'Oréal acquired YSL Beauté for $1.8 billion.[12]

In January 2014, L'Oréal finalized the acquisition of major Chinese beauty brand Magic Holdings for $840 million.[13]

In February 2014, L'Oréal agreed to buy back 8% of its shares for €3.4bn from Nestlé. As a result, Nestlé's stake in L'Oréal was reduced from 29.4% to 23.29%, while the Bettencourt Meyers family's stake increased from 30.6% to 33.2%. Nestlé has owned a stake in L'Oréal since 1974, when it bought into the company at the request of Liliane Bettencourt, the daughter of the founder of L'Oréal, who was trying to prevent French state intervention.[14]

In February 2014, Shiseido agreed to sell its Carita and Decléor brands to L'Oréal for €227.5 million (US$312.93 million (2014)).[15]

In June 2014, L'Oréal agreed to acquire NYX Cosmetics for an undisclosed price, bolstering its makeup offerings in North America, where its consumer-products unit has faltered.[16]

In September 2014, L'Oréal announced it had agreed to purchase Brazilian hair care company Niely Cosmeticos Group for an undisclosed amount.[17]

In September 2014, L'Oréal acquired the multi-cultural brand Carol's Daughter.[18]

In July 2016, L'Oréal agreed to acquire IT Cosmetics for $1.2 billion.[19]

In March 2018, L'Oréal acquired the beauty augmented reality company ModiFace.[20]

In May 2018, L'Oréal announced a new beauty and fragrance partnership with Valentino.[21]

In December 2020, L'Oréal announced signing of an agreement for the acquisition of Takami Co, a Japanese company that markets the premium skincare brand Takami, particularly famous for its iconic product, the Skin Peel pre-serum.[22]

In December 2021, L'Oréal announced the acquisition of the vegan skincare brand Youth to the People.[23][24]

In April 2023, L'Oréal purchased Australian luxury cosmetics brand Aesop for US$2.53 billion.[25][26][27] In August 2023, it was announced the acquisition had been completed.[28]

In December 2023, L'Oréal announced its acquisition of the Danish research company Lactobio.[29][30]

In January 2024, L’Oréal announced its acquisition of Gjosa, a Swiss Pioneering Water Conservation Tech Startup.[31][32]

In February 2024, L’Oréal announced its signing of a long-term global licensing agreement for the creation, development and distribution of luxury beauty products by the Italian brand Miu Miu.[33][34]

Marketing

[edit]

In Kosovo, during the growth years of the mail-order business, L'Oréal and 3 Suisses founded Le Club des Créateurs de Beauté for mail-order sales of cosmetic products, with brands including Agnès b., Commence and Professeur Christine Poelman among others. In March 2008, L'Oréal acquired 3 Suisse's stake, taking sole control of the company.[35] In November 2013, L'Oréal announced that Le Club des Créateurs de Beauté would cease activity in the first half of 2014.[36]

Since 1997, L'Oréal has been an official partner of The Cannes Film Festival.[37] In the years of L'Oréal sponsorship, many L'Oréal beauty ambassadors walked the red carpet of the Cannes Film Festival. In 2017, L'Oréal beauty ambassadors, including Julianne Moore, Susan Sarandon, Andie MacDowell, and Eva Longoria, were responsible for the film selection for the outdoor cinema during the Cannes Film Festival.[38]

L'Oréal's advertising slogan, "Because I'm worth it", was created by a 23-year-old English art director and introduced in 1973 by the model and actress Joanne Dusseau.[39] In the mid-2000s, this was replaced by "Because you're worth it". In late-2009, the slogan was changed again to "Because we're worth it".[40][41]

In November 2012, L'Oréal inaugurated the largest factory in the Jababeka Industrial Park, Cikarang, Indonesia, with a total investment of US$100 million.[42] The production will be absorbed 25 percent by the domestic market and the rest will be exported. In 2010, significant growth occurred in Indonesia with a 61 percent increase of unit sales or 28 percent of net sales.[43]

In November 2020, chief digital officer Lubomira Rochet reported in a video conference of the growing importance of e-commerce for the company, remarking that e-commerce makes 24% of their turnover in the third quarter of the year. Rochet stated as well that this 24% of the turnover "made it possible to offset 50% of the losses due to the closing of physical stores this year".[44]

Corporate affairs

[edit]

Head office

[edit]

L'Oréal Group has its head office in the Centre Eugène Schueller in Clichy, Hauts-de-Seine, close to Paris.[45] The building, constructed in the 1970s from brick and steel, replaced the former Monsavon factory, and employees moved into the facility in 1978. 1,400 employees work in the building.[46] In 2005, Nils Klawitter of Der Spiegel said "the building, with its brown glazed façade of windows, is every bit as ugly as its neighbourhood." Klawitter added that the facility "gives the impression of a high-security zone" due to the CCTV cameras and security equipment.[47]

International units include:

  • L'Oréal USA, changed from Cosmair in 2000[48] - has its headquarters in New York City, and is responsible for operations in the Americas.[49]
  • L'Oréal Canada Incorporated - Canadian operations, based in Montreal
  • L'Oréal Australia - head office is in Melbourne
  • L'Oréal Nordic - head office is in Copenhagen, Denmark
  • L'ORÉAL Deutschland GmbH - legal seat is in Karlsruhe, head office is in Düsseldorf[50]

Research and development facilities

[edit]

L'Oréal has 21 worldwide research and development centers: three global centers in France: Aulnay, Chevilly and Saint-Ouen. Six regional poles include one in the United States: Clark, New Jersey; one in Japan: Kawasaki, Kanagawa Prefecture; in 2005, one was established in Shanghai, China, another in India: Mumbai, one other regional pole in Brazil: Rio de Janeiro and, lastly, another was established in South Africa: Johannesburg.[51]

Corporate governance

[edit]

Jean-Paul Agon is the chairman and Nicolas Hieronimus the chief executive officer of L'Oréal.[52][53] Françoise Bettencourt Meyers and Paul Bulcke are vice chairmen of the board of directors.[53]

Stockholders

[edit]

As of 31 December 2023:[54]

  • Breakdown of share ownership: 34.73% by the Bettencourt family, 30.7% by international institutional investors, 20.13% by Nestlé, 6.63% by French institutional investors, 5.92% by individual shareholders, 1.89% by employees.

Business figures

[edit]
Countries with L'Oréal products available
Financial data in € billions[55]
Year 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Revenue 22.977 22.532 25.257 25.837 26.024 26.937 29.874 27.992 32.288 38.261 41.183
Net Income 2.958 4.910 3.297 3.106 3.586 3.895 3.750 3.563 4.597 5.707 6.184
Assets 31.298 32.063 33.711 35.630 35.339 38.458 43.810 43.607 43.013 46.844 51.855
Employees 77,452 78,611 82,881 89,331 82,606 86,030 87,974 85,392 85,412 87,264

Joint ventures and minority interests

[edit]

L'Oréal holds 10.41% of the shares of Sanofi-Aventis, the world's number three and Europe's number one pharmaceutical company. The Laboratoires Innéov is a joint venture in nutritional cosmetics between L'Oréal and Nestlé; they draw on Nestlé's knowledge in the fields of nutrition and food safety.

Corporate social responsibility

[edit]

Position on animal testing

[edit]

L'Oréal has many products which are tested on animals.

Since the 1980s, L'Oréal has invested €900 million in researching alternatives to animal testing for product safety, using methods such as reconstructed skin models, such as the Episkin model[56] at their research centres in Gerland, France, and Pudong, China.[57]

Nevertheless, this is complicated by markets such as China,[58] where it is difficult to sell a beauty product without animal testing.[59] Cosmetics by brands such as The Body Shop, which refuse to do animal testing, are thus not sold in China.

In 2013, L'Oréal was part of a consortium calling on the EU to invest more in research on alternatives to animal testing.[60]

Promoting new methods for plastic recycling

[edit]

In 2020, L'Oreal announced a cooperation with French biochemistry pioneer Carbios, aiming to establish a method of dissolving plastic waste by using enzymes.[61]

Ukraine war

[edit]

In 2022, L’Oréal Paris donated €1 million ($1.09 million) to charities supporting refugees from the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[62] L’Oréal Paris also suspended all commercial activity in Russia, both retail and wholesale.[63]

After the suspension, L'Oreal increased cooperation with other sites, including sanctioned ones. The company officially works in Crimea. Advertising expenses were not stopped - all investments were suspended for only 2-3 months. Now everything has been restored and even increased. The delivery of goods through Turkey and Kazakhstan was arranged.[64]

The company also supplies hygiene products to hospitals, maternity homes, centers with forcibly displaced persons, homes for the elderly, the military, etc.[65] L’Oréal Paris financially supports employees in Ukraine, guaranteeing the payment of wages and providing additional financial assistance, and provide accommodation for employees who are abroad and assist with temporary employment in other L'Oréal branches.[66]

Controversies

[edit]

Involvement in fascism by L'Oréal key figures

[edit]

L'Oréal has conceded that its founder, Eugène Schueller, was a Nazi sympathizer and antisemitic fascist.[67][68] He was also a member of La Cagoule, which supported the Vichy regime, and was a violent, pro-fascist and anti-communist organisation. Eugène bankrolled La Cagoule and some meetings of La Cagoule were held at L'Oréal headquarters. Some of the criminal activities perpetrated by La Cagoule include firearms transportation, assassinating a former minister, and firebombing six synagogues.[69][70]

Schueller provided financial support and held meetings for La Cagoule at L'Oréal headquarters. La Cagoule was a violent French fascist-leaning and anti-communist group whose leader formed a political party Mouvement Social Révolutionnaire (MSR, Social Revolutionary Movement), which in Occupied France supported the Vichy collaboration with the Germans.[71] L'Oréal hired several members of the group as executives after World War II, such as Jacques Corrèze, who served as CEO of the United States operation.[72][73]

Other controversy arose when Jean Frydman, a shareholder and board member of Paravision, a film subsidiary of L'Oréal, was fired. He claims that he was let go because L'Oréal wanted to avoid an Arab boycott of businesses associated with Jews. In turn, Frydman decided to expose the past of L'Oréal executives. André Bettencourt who married Schueller's daughter, Liliane Bettencourt, and became deputy chairman for L'Oréal, wrote 60 articles for La Terre Française, an antisemitic Nazi propaganda sheet. André has admitted ownership of the propaganda but claimed he was poisoned by the Vichy regime and said, "I have repeatedly expressed my regrets concerning them in public and will always beg the Jewish community to forgive me for them."[69] André Bettencourt also sheltered Schueller and several collaborators from the French Resistance after Liberation.[70] It was also revealed that Eugène Schueller hired Jacques Correze, who was the honorary head of L'Oréal's U.S. affiliate, Cosmair, and was involved with La Cagoule.[68]

Further controversy arose when it was revealed that L'Oréal had its German headquarters for over 30 years, before being sold in 1991, on land confiscated from a Jewish family during World War II. The Jewish family has been battling for restitution from the company for three generations, the latest of which is Edith Rosenfelder, a Holocaust survivor. Fritz Rosenfelder was forced to sell the house to a Nazi official, of which the family never received the proceeds of the sale. Instead, the family was deported. The Allies passed Jewish restitution legislation which states that transactions with Nazis, even if appearing to be with the owner's consent, can be considered invalid. As the land was sold to an offshoot of L'Oréal, which was later bought out in 1961 by L'Oréal, the company claims that it is not responsible for anything that happened before then. The basis for Rosenfelder's argument is that since the original sale was illegal, all subsequent sales are equally unlawful. There was restitution paid in 1951 to the Jewish Restitution Successor Organization, though this was done without the family's consent and none of the money ever reached the family. A book by Monica Waitzfelder, daughter of Edith Rosenfelder, published in French as L'Oréal a pris ma maison and in English as L'Oréal stole my house!, details how L'Oréal took over the Waitzfelder home in the German city of Karlsruhe (after the Nazis had engineered the removal of the family) to make it its German headquarters.[74] Monica Waitzfelder is quoted as saying, "All the other businesses which took Jewish property have since returned it, without any great debate. I don't understand why L'Oréal should be any different from the others." A case was brought before the Supreme Court in France, but the public prosecutor ruled that there could be no trial. As of 2007, she is bringing the case to the European Court of Human Rights.[70][74]

Garnier boycott

[edit]

On 31 July 2014 during Operation Protective Edge launched by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) in the Gaza Strip, the Israel advocacy organisation StandWithUs posted several Facebook photos of care packages, which they said were donated by Garnier Israel to female IDF soldiers.[75][76][77] This sparked several calls to boycott Garnier and L'Oréal worldwide.[78] Garnier disavowed the giveaway and stated on their Facebook page, “Garnier USA is aware of recent activity in social media. It is very important to us that our fans know that Garnier worldwide promotes peace and harmony and has a strict policy of not getting involved in any conflict or political matter. Garnier was astonished to discover this in social media. After investigation, the hand-out of about 500 products appeared to be part of a one-time local retailer initiative. Garnier disapproves of this initiative managed strictly at local level and is very sorry to have offended some of its fans.” [79]

Animal testing

[edit]

L'Oréal began in vitro tissue testing in 1979, and does not test any of its products or ingredients on animals anywhere in the world since 1989–14 years before it was required by regulation.[80] Controversy came from the fact that L'Oréal sells products in China, whose regulators conduct animal testing on cosmetics to be sold within its territory. Even though a ban on animal testing in China came into effect in January 2020, Chinese authorities still perform this practice for imported "ordinary" cosmetics.[81][82]

Following L'Oréal's 2006 purchase of The Body Shop, which does not support animal testing, The Body Shop's founder Anita Roddick was forced to defend herself against allegations of "abandoning her principles" over L'Oréal's involvement on animal testing. Calls were made for shoppers to boycott The Body Shop.[83] L'Oréal sold The Body Shop to Brazilian group Natura Cosméticos in 2017.[84]

Racist discrimination lawsuits

[edit]

On 11 August 2005, the Supreme Court of California ruled that former L'Oréal sales manager Elyse Yanowitz had adequately pleaded a cause of action for retaliatory termination under the California Fair Employment and Housing Act, and remanded the case for trial.[85] The case arose out of a 1997 incident in which Jack Wiswall, then the general manager for designer fragrances, allegedly told Yanowitz to fire a dark-skinned sales associate despite the associate's good performance. When Yanowitz refused, Wiswall pointed to a "sexy" blonde-haired woman and said, "God damn it, get me one that looks like that." Wiswall retired as president of the luxury products division of L'Oréal USA at the end of 2006.[85]

The company has recently faced discrimination lawsuits in France related to the hiring of spokesmodels and institutional racism. In July 2007, the Garnier division and an external employment agency were fined €30,000 for recruitment practices that intentionally excluded women of color from promoting its hair wash, "Fructis Style".[86]

L'Oréal continues to sell skin whitening products, which have been criticized as "capitalising on women's insecurities due to colourism." They advertise these controversial products, which have been criticised for promoting a colonial attitude as well as having safety concerns,[87] on their website by claiming; "Achieve clear, translucent and radiant skin. Our skin whitening products work to fade dark spots and brighten skin to give you the fair, flawless complexion you desire."[88]

False advertising

[edit]

In May 2007, L'Oréal was one of several cosmetic manufacturers (along with Clinique, Estee Lauder, Payot, Lancôme)[89] ordered by the Therapeutic Goods Administration in Australia to withdraw advertising regarding the wrinkle removal capabilities of their products.[90]

In the UK, L'Oréal has faced criticism from OFCOM regarding the truth of their advertising and marketing campaigns concerning the product performance of one of their mascara brands. In July 2007, the British Advertising Standards Authority attacked L'Oréal for a television advert on its "Telescopic" mascara, featuring Penélope Cruz, stating, "it will make your eyelashes 60% longer." In fact, it only made the lashes look 60% bigger, by separating and thickening at the roots and by thickening the tips of the lashes. They also failed to state that the model was wearing false eyelashes.[91]

In July 2011, the British Advertising Standards Authority took action against L'Oréal, banning two airbrushed Lancôme advertisements in the UK featuring actress Julia Roberts and supermodel Christy Turlington. The agency issued the ban after British politician Jo Swinson argued that the two ads misrepresented reality and added to the self-image problem amongst females in the UK. L'Oréal acknowledged that the photos had been airbrushed but argued that the two cosmetic products could actually produce the results depicted in the ads and that the results of the products had been scientifically proven.[92]

In June 2014, the company reached an agreement with the U.S. Federal Trade Commission not to make claims about its anti-aging products unless it had credible scientific evidence supporting the claims. The settlement followed an investigation by the commission into claims being made in relation to two products, which the commission described as "false and unsubstantiated".

L'Oréal has a team of 400 members of staff who post content to Facebook every day, according to Marc Menesguen, the company's chief marketing officer.[93]

Patent lawsuit

[edit]

In July 2017, the University of Massachusetts Medical filed a patent lawsuit against L'Oréal. In August 2017, Dennis Wyrzykowski and his company, Carmel Laboratories LLC, joined the lawsuit. The two parties claimed that L'Oréal's brands used UMass' patented technology for skin creams with the chemical adenosine.[94] In 2021, a judge found the patents invalid. In 2022, the U.S. Appeals Court reversed the decision, stating that UMass could continue to purse its lawsuit.[95]

Corporate misconduct

[edit]

L'Oréal was fined by Autorité de la concurrence in France in 2016 for price-fixing on personal hygiene products.[96]

Munroe Bergdorf

[edit]
Main article: Munroe Bergdorf race row incident

In August 2017, L'Oréal dismissed Munroe Bergdorf, a mixed-race transgender model, after she responded to the Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, by stating in a Facebook post: "Honestly I don't have the energy to talk about the racial violence of white people any more. Yes ALL white people"; the post was also quoted as saying that "[white people's] existence, privilege and success as a race is built on the backs, blood and death of people of colour", "racism isn't learned, it's inherited and ... passed down through privilege" and that "white people" ought to "begin to admit that their race is the most violent and oppressive force of nature on Earth".[97] Shortly after terminating Bergdorf, L'Oréal released a statement claiming their commitment to "[support] diversity and tolerance towards all people irrespective of their race, background, gender and religion" and had terminated their partnership with Bergdorf because her comments were "at odds with those values".[98][99]

Amber Heard

[edit]

In 2018, L'Oréal Paris hired Amber Heard as a Global Ambassador, also giving a special tribute to her.[100][101] In 2020, after a tape leaked of Heard admitting to having hit her ex-husband Johnny Depp, several petitions were filed requesting L'Oreal to fire her.[102][103][104] As of June 2021, L'Oreal continued to include Heard among a team of "ambassadors" that also includes Kate Winslet, Jane Fonda, Elle Fanning, and French singer-songwriter Yseult.[105] Heard was being sued in a defamation trial by Depp in which he accused her of domestic abuse. She was found to have defamed her ex-husband with malice on June 2, 2022, by a jury; Heard then appealed her case.[106]

Brand portfolio

[edit]
L'Oréal lipsticks
L'Oréal skincare product

Brands are generally categorized by their targeted markets, such as the mass, professional, luxury, and active cosmetics markets. Galderma is directly attached to the head office. L'Oréal also owns interests in various activities such as fine chemicals, health, finance, design, advertising, and insurance.[107][better source needed]

In 2023, the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)’s Madrid Yearly Review ranked L'Oréal's number of marks applications filled under the Madrid System as 1st in the world, with 199 trademarks applications submitted during 2023.[108]

Consumer products division

[edit]

Mixa L'Oréal Paris La Provençale

L'Oréal luxe division

[edit]

Professional products division

[edit]


Active cosmetics division

[edit]

List of spokespeople

[edit]

L'Oréal Paris has a group of ambassadors, artists, actresses, and activists referred to as the L'Oréal Paris "Dream Team".[111]

Community involvement

[edit]

In 2014, L'Oreal was listed 61st among 1200 of India's most trusted brands according to the Brand Trust Report 2014, a study conducted by Trust Research Advisory, a brand analytics company.[152]

In 2008, L'Oréal was named Europe's top business employer by the European Student Barometer,[153] a survey conducted by Trendence that covers 20 European countries and incorporates the responses of over 91,000 students.

The L'Oréal-UNESCO Awards for Women in Science was established to improve the position of women in science by recognizing outstanding women researchers who have contributed to scientific progress.[154] The awards are a result of a partnership between the French cosmetics company L'Oréal and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and carry a grant of US$100,000 for each laureate. The same partnership awards the UNESCO-L'Oréal International Fellowships, providing up to US$40,000 in funding over two years to fifteen young women scientists engaged in exemplary and promising research projects.[155]

L'Oréal organises the yearly L'Oréal Brandstorm, a business game for students in 46 countries. The game is related to marketing and has a first prize of $10,000, the second prize of $5,000 and the third prize of $2500.

L'Oréal is also a founding member of the "Look Good ... Feel Better" project, a charity which was formed over 16 years ago to help women combat the visible side effects of cancer treatment.[citation needed]

L'Oréal also holds a global competition known as "L'Oréal Brandstorm" each year to invite students from around the world to be creative, innovative, and build their own business plans based around different topics.[citation needed]

In 2015, Standard Ethics Aei gave a rating to L'Oreal in order to include it in its Standard Ethics French Index.[156]

See Also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f "2023 Annual Results" (PDF). L'Oréal.
  2. ^ a b "Statuts (PDF). Archived 30 December 2009 at the Wayback Machine." L'Oréal. 16 April 2009. Retrieved 3 May 2010.
  3. ^ Jones, David (26 January 2010). "Nestlé waits for market pressures to soften Hershey". Reuters. Retrieved 31 January 2010.
  4. ^ "Review: L'Oreal Men Expert Hydra Energetic". The Moisturizer. 16 November 2018. Archived from the original on 22 November 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  5. ^ a b c Lamare, Amy (22 September 2020). "A brief history of L'Oréal: A cosmetics dynasty with far-right origins". www.businessofbusiness.com. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
  6. ^ a b Magazine, Smithsonian. "The Titan Who Founded L'Oréal Prospered Under the Nazis". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
  7. ^ a b Corporate financial reporting by Amberr Aslamm on Prezi. Prezi.com. Retrieved on 12 April 2015.
  8. ^ "Number of employees of L'Oréal worldwide 2021, by geographic zone". Statista. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
  9. ^ "Top 5 Companies Owned by L'Oréal". Investopedia. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
  10. ^ Raghavan, Anita; Carreyrou, John (26 April 2004). "Sanofi to Swallow Aventis in a Deal Set at $65 Billion". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  11. ^ "L'Oréal buys Body Shop". The New York Times. 17 March 2006. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  12. ^ Born, Pete (15 December 2008). "L'Oreal Gains YSL Beaute". WWD. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
  13. ^ "L'Oréal Acquires Major Chinese Beauty Brand". Bloomberg. 16 January 2014 – via www.bloomberg.com.
  14. ^ Robehmed, Natalie. "L'Oréal Buys Back Nestlé Stake, Bettencourt Fortune Gains $4 Billion". Forbes. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  15. ^ Kaiser, Amanda (19 February 2014). "Shiseido Sells Carita, Decléor to L'Oréal". WWD. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
  16. ^ "L'Oreal Agrees to Buy U.S. Makeup-Artist Brand NYX Cosmetics". Archived from the original on 17 September 2014. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
  17. ^ "L'Oreal to buy Brazilian hair care group Niely Cosmeticos" (Press release). Reuters. 8 September 2014.
  18. ^ Gleason, Stephanie (23 October 2014). "L'Oréal USA Acquires Carol's Daughter". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  19. ^ Khan, A. (25 July 2016). "L'Oréal Buys It Cosmetics for $1.2 Billion". Allure. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  20. ^ "L'Oréal acquires ModiFace further expanding its worldwide expertise in beauty tech". L'Oréal Finance. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
  21. ^ "Valentino and L'Oréal Paris Are Joining Forces on a Luxury Beauty Collection for the Masses". Allure. 29 May 2018. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
  22. ^ "L'Oréal announces the signing of an agreement for the acquisition of Takami Co, a japanese company that markets the Takami skincare brand".
  23. ^ "L'Oréal to Acquire Skin Care Brand Youth to the People". Beauty Packaging. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
  24. ^ "'Very strategic addition': L'Oréal to acquire US skin care brand Youth to the People". cosmeticsdesign-europe.com. 9 December 2021. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
  25. ^ Yun, Jessica (4 April 2023). "L'Oreal snaps up Australian skincare brand Aesop in record $3.7 billion deal". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  26. ^ Nouvelle, L'Usine (4 June 2023). "L'Oréal renforce sa cosmétique de luxe avec Aesop". L'Usine Nouvelle. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  27. ^ "L'Oréal confirme le rachat de la marque Aesop". Journal du Luxe. 4 April 2023. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  28. ^ "L'Oréal Closes Acquisition Of Luxury Beauty Brand Aesop". ESM Magazine. 31 August 2023. Retrieved 31 August 2023.
  29. ^ "L'Oréal fait l'acquisition de la société de recherche Lactobio, leader des probiotiques de précision basé au Danemark". L’Oréal Finance. Retrieved 14 December 2023.
  30. ^ "L'Oréal rachète Lactobio, leader des probiotiques". Journal du Luxe. 13 December 2023. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
  31. ^ "L'Oréal Set to Acquire Gjosa, Pioneering Water Conservation Tech Startup". ibmot. 10 January 2024. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  32. ^ "L'Oréal fait l'acquisition de la start-up de micronisation de l'eau Gjosa". Premium Beauty News. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
  33. ^ "L'Oréal signe un contrat de licence avec la marque italienne Miu Miu". Les Echos. 9 February 2024. Retrieved 4 March 2024.
  34. ^ "L'Oréal s'empare du segment beauté de Miu Miu". Journal du Luxe. 12 February 2024. Retrieved 4 March 2024.
  35. ^ "L'Oreal buys stake in beauty brand", Cosmetics Design Asia. Retrieved on 13 June 2013.
  36. ^ "L'Oréal to end the activity of Beauté Créateurs its mail-order subsidiary". Retrieved 12 February 2013.
  37. ^ Orlova-Alvarez, Tamara (9 April 2019). "The Cannes Film Festival Beauty – From Beauty Suite to Red Carpet". Ikon London Magazine. Retrieved 10 April 2019.
  38. ^ Orlova-Alvarez, Tamara (11 May 2017). "L'Oréal Paris Reveals Movies for Outdoor Cinema at 2017 the Cannes Film Festival". Ikon London Magazine. Retrieved 10 April 2019.
  39. ^ Malcolm Gladwell, « Annals of Advertising, True Colors », The New Yorker, no 36340, 22 mars 1999
  40. ^ Gee, Rachel (26 August 2016). "L'Oréal targets men for the first time as it evolves strapline to embrace diversity". Marketing Week. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  41. ^ "Because I'm Worth It - How L'Oreal's logo was coined". Creative Review. 1 February 2012. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  42. ^ "L'Oreal opens the largest factory in Cikarang", The Economic Times, India, 8 November 2012. Retrieved on 13 June 2013.
  43. ^ "L'Oreal to build its largest factory worth $50m in Indonesia". Archived from the original on 10 January 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  44. ^ Conso, L. S. A. (5 November 2020). "L'e-commerce est le premier marché de L'Oréal". lsa-conso.fr (in French). Retrieved 14 November 2020.
  45. ^ "World Presence." L'Oréal. Retrieved 14 July 2010.
  46. ^ "2.000 salariés de L'Oréal à Clichy." Le Journal du Net. Retrieved 7 July 2010. " Construit à la fin des années 1970 en briques et acier, le Centre Eugène Schueller se dresse à l'emplacement de l'ancienne usine Monsavon, à Clichy-la-Garenne dans les Hauts-de-Seine. Les salariés du siège de l'Oréal y ont emménagé à partir de 1978. Aujourd'hui, ils sont 1.400 à y travailler."
  47. ^ Klawitter, Nils. "L'Oréal's Great Bluff". Der Spiegel. 7 March 2005. Retrieved 27 November 2009.
  48. ^ "Frito-Lay Sued Over Claim Tostitos, Sun Chips Are 'All Natural'". adage.com. 23 December 2011. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
  49. ^ Contact Us Archived 30 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine, L'Oréal USA
  50. ^ "Impressum - L'Oréal-Konzern". www.loreal.de (in German). Retrieved 19 November 2019.
  51. ^ "Research and Innovation in Key Figures". www.loreal.com. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
  52. ^ Abboud, Leila (14 October 2020). "L'Oréal picks insider Nicolas Hieronimus as next chief executive". Financial Times. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
  53. ^ a b "The board of directors". Loreal.com. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  54. ^ "Share Ownership". L'Oréal Finance. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  55. ^ "L'Oreal Bilanz, Gewinn und Umsatz | L'Oreal Geschäftsbericht | 853888". wallstreet-online.de. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
  56. ^ "L'Oreal builds on skin testing capabilities". March 2006. Retrieved 12 April 2013.
  57. ^ "Our Position". L'Oréal Answers. Archived from the original on 23 October 2013. Retrieved 12 September 2013.
  58. ^ "China Animal Testing Complicates L'Oreal's Expansion". 21 August 2013. Archived from the original on 23 August 2013. Retrieved 12 September 2013.
  59. ^ "China's Animal Testing Laws May 1, 2021 - What You Need To Know!". ethical elephant. 3 May 2021. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  60. ^ Bibi van der Zee (18 July 2013). "Animal testing – it's time to talk about it again". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 September 2013.
  61. ^ "Why PepsiCo, L'Oreal and Nestle are banking on this French plastics recycling startup". greenbiz.com. 7 May 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2020.
  62. ^ Caldwell, Georgina (4 March 2022). "L'Oréal unveils solidarity plan for Ukraine; donates €1 million to support refugees". Global Cosmetics News. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
  63. ^ "Which companies are pulling out of Russia?". BBC News. 11 March 2022. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
  64. ^ "L'Oreal".
  65. ^ "Як компанії підтримують українців під час війни. Гуманітарна програма L'Oréal Україна | Громадське телебачення". hromadske.ua (in Ukrainian). 2 June 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  66. ^ "Гуманітарна програма L'Oréal Україна: як компанія підтримує українців". ФОКУС (in Ukrainian). 1 June 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  67. ^ Hoppough, Suzanne (18 March 2005). "Father's Past Haunts French Billionaire". Forbes.
  68. ^ a b "Business Notes Scandal L'Oreal's". Time. 24 June 2001. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011.
  69. ^ a b "André Bettencourt". The Daily Telegraph. London. 22 November 2007. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022.
  70. ^ a b c Pascal, Julia (16 January 2007). "L'Oreal Took My Home, by Monica Waitzfelder, translated by Peter Bush". The Independent. London.
  71. ^ Gladwell, Malcolm (28 March 2011). "The Color of Money". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on 5 May 2012.
  72. ^ Greenhouse, Steven (28 June 1991). "Jacques Correze, L'Oreal Official And Nazi Collaborator, Dies at 79". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
  73. ^ Archives, L. A. Times (28 June 1991). "Jacques Correze; Quit Firm Amid Nazi Scandal". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
  74. ^ a b Gentleman, Amelia (13 October 2004). "L'Oréal profited from victims of Nazis, court told". The Guardian. London.
  75. ^ StandWithUs - We are honoured to be delivering these... Facebook. Retrieved on 12 April 2015.
  76. ^ Garnier care packages boost Israeli soldiers' beauty regimens. Stream.aljazeera.com. Retrieved on 12 April 2015.
  77. ^ Les cosmétiques Garnier créent la polémique après une photo de femmes soldats de l'armée israélienne. Huffingtonpost.fr. Retrieved on 12 April 2015.
  78. ^ Boycott Garnier over its support for Israeli army - Palestine Solidarity Campaign. Palestinecampaign.org (6 August 2014). Retrieved on 12 April 2015.
  79. ^ "Garnier Cosmetics Backs off Pro-Israel Giveaway". 10 August 2014.
  80. ^ https://inside-our-products.loreal.com/our-approach/our-alternative-methods-animal-testing#:~:text=L'Or%C3%A9al%20has%20been%20at, strictly%20follows%20this%20global%20policy.
  81. ^ "Guide to: Understanding China's Animal Testing Laws". 11 April 2018.
  82. ^ "China Ends Cosmetic Animal Testing from 1st of January 2020 | China Biz Lawyers".
  83. ^ "Anita's £652m sell-out", The Independent (London). 18 March 2006. Retrieved 8 May 2008.
  84. ^ Schipani, Andres (27 June 2017). "L'Oréal sells The Body Shop to Natura Cosméticos". Financial Times.
  85. ^ a b Yanowitz v. L'Oréal USA, Inc., 36 Cal. 4th 1028 (2005).
  86. ^ "L'Oreal found guilty of racism". Sox First. Retrieved 31 July 2010.
  87. ^ Khan, Coco (23 April 2018). "Skin-lightening creams are dangerous – yet business is booming. Can the trade be stopped?". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
  88. ^ "Skin Care Whitening". loreal-paris. Archived from the original on 17 June 2020.
  89. ^ Costello, John (9 May 2007). "Beauty and the publicity beast". The Evening Herald. Archived from the original on 11 November 2012. Retrieved 14 July 2013.
  90. ^ "Wrinkle creams are a rip-off". The Daily Telegraph (Sydney). 7 May 2007. Archived from the original on 27 May 2012. Retrieved 20 July 2007.
  91. ^ "L'Oréal (UK) Ltd". Asa.org.uk. 25 July 2007. Archived from the original on 5 April 2009. Retrieved 31 July 2010.
  92. ^ "Britain bans airbrushed Julia Roberts make-up ad". CNN. 29 July 2011. Retrieved 29 July 2011.
  93. ^ Eichenwald, Kurt (3 April 2013). "A Facebook of the Future: Mark Zuckerberg and Sheryl Sandberg Show Us Their New Content, New Algorithms, and New Alliances". Vanity Fair.
  94. ^ MassLive, The Associated Press | (31 August 2017). "Former monk, UMass medical school sue L'Oreal over anti-aging formula". masslive. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  95. ^ Brittain, Blake (13 June 2022). "L'Oréal must face UMass skin-cream lawsuit, U.S. appeals court says". Reuters. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  96. ^ "Huge price-fixing fine is upheld". The Connexion. 28 October 2016. Archived from the original on 9 February 2017.
  97. ^ Tan, Emily. "L'Oréal drops model Munroe Bergdorf after her Facebook rant". Campaign. Retrieved 20 June 2020.
  98. ^ Iqbal, Nosheen (4 September 2017). "Munroe Bergdorf on the L'Oréal racism row: 'It puzzles me that my views are considered extreme'". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
  99. ^ Fortin, Jacey (2 September 2017). "L'Oréal Drops Transgender Model Over Comments on Race". The New York Times. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
  100. ^ Barbour, Shannon (11 May 2018). "Amber Heard Made Her Debut as L'Oréal's New Ambassador at Cannes". The Cut. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
  101. ^ "Amber Heard joins L'Oréal Paris". www.yahoo.com. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
  102. ^ Frishberg, Hannah (20 February 2020). "Petitions to fire Amber Heard as L'Oréal's spokesperson gain traction". New York Post. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
  103. ^ "Thousands sign petitions to remove Amber Heard as L'Oréal spokesperson". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
  104. ^ Wilkinson, Joseph (21 February 2020). "Petitions for L'Oreal to fire Amber Heard as spokesperson rack up signatures after recording of her allegedly abusing ex-husband Johnny Depp". nydailynews.com. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
  105. ^ Weil, Jennifer (27 June 2021). "Yseult Named L'Oréal Paris Ambassador". WWD. Retrieved 20 July 2021. She [French singer-songwriter Yseult] joins the team of L'Oréal Paris ambassadors that includes Kate Winslet, Jane Fonda, Céline Dion, Elle Fanning and Amber Heard.
  106. ^ Jacobs, Julia (16 May 2022). "Amber Heard Recounts Unraveling of Marriage to Johnny Depp". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  107. ^ All the brands of the L'Oréal Group: Garnier, L'Oréal Paris, Redken, Maybelline, Kerastase. L'Oréal. (8 December 2009).
  108. ^ "Madrid Yearly Review 2024" (PDF). p. 22.
  109. ^ Kavilanz, Parija (29 July 2020). "Clarisonic is shutting down. Its devoted fans are panicking". CNN Business. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
  110. ^ This woman's name is in more than 25,000 nail salons. Fortune.com. Retrieved on 16 July 2017.
  111. ^ "The L'Oréal Paris "Dream Team" Ambassadors / Artists / Actresses / Activists". L'Oréal Paris. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  112. ^ "Who are the 90 L'Oréal Paris ambassadors?". L'Officiel Baltic. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
  113. ^ "TIFF 2021: Eva Longoria and L'Oréal Paris Celebrate Women in Film". Elle Canada. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  114. ^ "Blake Lively The New Face Of L'Oreal Paris". Yahoo!. 30 October 2013. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
  115. ^ "Blake Lively joins L'Oreal Paris". Cosmetics Business. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
  116. ^ "Dame Helen Mirren Opens up About Being a L'Oréal Paris Ambassador at 76". Elle Canada. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  117. ^ "Helen Mirren, newest L'Oréal Paris ambassador". FashionNetwork.com. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  118. ^ "Who is Luma Grothe, the new L'Oréal Paris brand ambassador?". FashionNetwork.com. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  119. ^ Bailey, Alyssa (26 March 2015). "L'Oréal Announces Its First Asian-American Spokesperson". Elle. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  120. ^ Hall, Chloe (30 November 2017). "Exclusive: Aja Naomi King Is a New L'Oreal Paris Spokesperson". Elle. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  121. ^ Rodulfo, Kristina (9 July 2018). "Exclusive: See Camila Cabello's Entire "Havana" Makeup Collection with L'Oréal Paris". Elle. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  122. ^ "Elle Fanning has a new beauty gig". Elle Canada. 15 May 2017. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  123. ^ "Amber Heard Is So Good at Wearing Makeup It's Now Her Job". Us Weekly. 11 May 2018. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  124. ^ "Andie MacDowell makes her runway modeling comeback — at 60 years old!". Today.com. 2 October 2018. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  125. ^ "Duckie Thot Is the Stunning New Face of L'Oréal Paris". Allure. 24 September 2018. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  126. ^ Rodulfo, Kristina (2 April 2019). "Céline Dion Just Landed Her First-Ever Beauty Contract with L'Oréal Paris". Elle. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  127. ^ "Cindy Bruna Is the Newest Face of L'Oréal Paris". Elle Canada. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  128. ^ Boateng, Natasha (23 June 2020). "Katherine Langford is L'Oréal Paris's Newest Spokesperson". Fashion Magazine. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  129. ^ Lubitz, Rachel. "As The New Face Of L'Oréal Paris, Viola Davis Wants Women To Know Their Worth". www.refinery29.com. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  130. ^ Simeon, Aimee. "Kate Winslet's Beauty Philosophy Involves Nurturing Mind, Body, & The World". www.refinery29.com. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  131. ^ "Kate Winslet Named Global Ambassador for L'Oréal Paris". Women's Wear Daily. 3 June 2021. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
  132. ^ "La chanteuse Yseult nommée ambassadrice internationale de L'Oréal Paris". Vanity Fair. 30 June 2021. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
  133. ^ "Yseult au Festival de Cannes : "être égérie de L'Oréal, c'est montrer que la beauté est complexe et plurielle"". Cosmopolitan. 25 May 2023. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
  134. ^ "H.E.R. on Becoming the New Global Face of L'Oréal Paris, Her Hair-Care Routine, and How She Self-Soothes". Vogue. 27 January 2022. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  135. ^ "Anushka Sharma appointed brand ambassador for L'Oréal Paris". Campaign India. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
  136. ^ "L'Oréal Paris names Anushka Sharma as latest brand ambassador in India". Global Cosmetics News. 15 September 2022. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
  137. ^ "L'Oréal Paris brings Anushka Sharma as brand ambassador". The Financial Express. 7 September 2022. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
  138. ^ "Thuso Mbedu named L'Oréal Paris brand ambassador". News24. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
  139. ^ "The Woman King star Thuso Mbedu named L'Oréal Paris Brand Ambassador". Cosmetics Business. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
  140. ^ "L'Oréal Paris choisit Kendall Jenner comme nouvelle ambassadrice internationale". Fashion Network. Retrieved 27 August 2023.
  141. ^ "Kendall Jenner : le nouveau visage de l'Oréal". Luxus Plus. Retrieved 27 August 2023.
  142. ^ "Kendall Jenner, nouvelle égérie L'Oréal Paris, et parfaite incarnation beauté de la Gen Z". Vogue. 18 July 2023. Retrieved 27 August 2023.
  143. ^ "L'Oréal names singer Cody Simpson as brand ambassador". Cosmetic Business. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
  144. ^ "L'Oréal Taps Cody Simpson as Brand Ambassador". Beauty Packaging. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
  145. ^ "L'Oréal Paris Names Mary Fowler Brand Ambassador". Business Fashion. 4 March 2024. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
  146. ^ "L'Oréal Paris welcomes Matildas star, Mary Fowler, as new ambassador". Harper's Bazaar. 4 March 2024. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
  147. ^ "L'Oréal Paris names Bridgerton's Simone Ashley as new face". Cosmetics Business. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
  148. ^ "L'Oréal Paris appoints first African digital ambassador". Cosmetics Business. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
  149. ^ "L'Oréal Paris Announces Temi Otedola as Sub-Saharan African Digital Brand Ambassador for L'Oréal Paris Makeup". Glamour. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
  150. ^ Sehgal, Kritika (3 September 2024). "Alia Bhatt Becomes Iconic Beauty Brand L'Oreal's Newest Global Ambassador". NDTV. Archived from the original on 3 September 2024. Retrieved 3 September 2024.
  151. ^ Chatterjee, Sanghamitra (3 September 2024). "Alia Bhatt is new global ambassador for L'Oréal Paris". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 3 September 2024. Retrieved 3 September 2024.
  152. ^ "India's Most Trusted Brands 2014". Archived from the original on 2 May 2015.
  153. ^ "The European Student Barometer 2008" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 October 2011. Retrieved 22 May 2009.
  154. ^ "Programme L'Oréal-UNESCO Pour les Femmes et la Science". UNESCO. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
  155. ^ "Unesco/L'Oréal Co-Sponsored Fellowships for Young Women in Life Sciences". Portal.unesco.org. Archived from the original on 10 October 2014.
  156. ^ "Standard Ethics Italian Index". Archived from the original on 3 April 2016. Retrieved 11 April 2016.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to L'Oréal.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=L%27Oréal&oldid=1253659511"