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Beur

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other uses, see Beur (disambiguation).
The Moroccan-French comedian Jamel Debbouze in 2016.

Beur (pronounced [bœʁ]), or alternatively rebeu, is a colloquial term, sometimes considered pejorative, in French to designate European-born people whose parents or grandparents are immigrants from the Maghreb.[1] The equivalent term for a female beur is a beurette. However, the term beurette is condemned and criticized by several anti-racist organizations because of the xenophobic and degrading connotation that this word has taken on over the decades (in particular because of the fetishization of North African women in France as well as an insult stemming from colonialism:[2][3][4][5] for several years the racial category beurette was the most popular in France on porn sites).[citation needed] The term rebeu is neither applicable to females nor does it have a female version.

Use

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The word beur was coined using verlan for the word arabe, which means Arabic or Arab in French. Since the late 1990s, many young people have used the twice-verlanised term rebeu as a synonym. This term is now the dominant term used by the younger generations (under 30). The word beurette, the female version of beur, is created by adding the -ette female suffix in French. In French many slang words are created by simply reversing the word in terms of spelling and then reading it out. Because of French grammar rules, the new word is usually completely different from the result of reversing the word phonetically. The word beurgeois is derived from a combination of the words beur and bourgeois.

The term is mostly used in French-speaking European countries ― France, Belgium, Monaco, Luxembourg and Switzerland ― as well as in the Maghreb. Due to cultural integration between such peoples across Europe, the term is now popular in other parts of Europe with a large Maghrebi community, such as the UK, Spain, the Netherlands and Italy.[citation needed]

Since 1992, the BEUR.FM radio station has broadcast nationwide (106.7 FM in Paris).[6]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Beur Archived July 21, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Larousse Dictionary. Accessed 2011-04-25
  2. ^ "Oui, "beurette" est une insulte". MeltingBook (in French). 2017-11-21. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
  3. ^ "Salima Tenfiche : " Le terme "beurette" montre que le corps des femmes arabes est le dernier territoire de conquête coloniale "" (in French). 2021-05-05. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
  4. ^ "" Le mot "Beurette", c'était le symbole de l'intégration républicaine avant d'être une insulte " - Radio Nova" (in French). Retrieved 2024-01-31.
  5. ^ "Et si on arrêtait d'employer le mot " beurette " ? - URBANIA FR". urbania.fr (in French). Retrieved 2024-01-31.
  6. ^ BEUR.FM. Accessed 2012-01-11

Further reading

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  • Nora Barsali, François Freland and Anne-Marie Vincent (Hg.): Générations Beurs. Français à part entière. Éditions Autrement 2003
  • Philippe Bernard: La crème des beurs. De l'immigration à l'intégration. Seuil 2004
  • Hafid Gafaïti (Hg.): Cultures transnationales de France. Des «Beurs» aux… ? L'Harmattan 2001

On Beur Literature:

  • Alec G. Hargreaves: La littérature beur: Un guide bio-bibliographique. CELFAN Edition Monographs, New Orleans 1992
  • Alec G. Hargreaves: Voices from the North African Immigrant Community in France. Immigration and Identity in Beur Fiction. Berg, New York/ Oxford 1991/1997
  • Michel Laronde: Autour du roman beur. Immigration et identité. L'Harmattan 1993
  • Laura Reeck: Writerly Identities in Beur Fiction and Beyond. Lexington Books 2011
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