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1790 in Canada

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Events from the year 1790 in Canada.

Incumbents

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Governors

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Events

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Births

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Main article: births in 1790
Further information: Category:1790 births

Deaths

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Main article: Deaths in 1790
Further information: Category:1790 deaths


Historical documents

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  • Britain allows families from U.S.A. to bring into North American colonies "any negroes," furniture, farm tools and clothing duty free[3]
  • Comment on buildup of British army generally and minister's "determination that a strong force shall be kept up" on North American frontier[4]
  • Dorchester is asked to return British-held frontier posts, but they are "considered as a kind of guarantee for the discharge" of U.S. debt to Britain[5]
  • Montrealer says Dorchester expects U.S. move against frontier posts, but neither fur trade nor Canada is worth going to war over[6]
  • U.S.A. may want British-held posts but will be disappointed by them, as "spirit of rivalship" will make fur trade no advantage to them[7]
  • Formation of U.S. militia anticipates "an attack from the sea-side by an European power, aided by our sworn enemies settled on our extreme left"[9]

Map: North and Central America divided into territories claimed by Britain, Spain, U.S.A., and France[11]

Lower Canada

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  • Chief Justice says "Heaven has[...]smiled upon [us with] plenty and peace" and prospect of constitution "uniting us more closely to Great Britain"[12]
  • Anticipating "long-looked for House of Assembly," letter-to-the-editor suggests club "to discuss public questions, and so train ourselves up"[13]
  • "Great smallpox mortality amongst the inhabitants, particularly the younger part," is because of "aversion of the lower ranks to inoculation"[14]
  • "Citizens of the Province of Quebec" sign petition calling for creation of university to teach "learned Languages and Sciences (excepting Theology)"[15]
  • Newly arrived Gen. Clarke formally opens his commission as lieutenant-governor and takes "usual Oaths [and] his Seat at the Council-Board"[16]
  • Alliance of U.S.A. with Spain prompts reinforcement of Quebec City garrison; Canadian militia among at least 10,000 men ready for action[17]
  • In their petition, millers, bakers and others in bread trade note "years of scarcity and distress" ended with last harvest's "abundance"[18]
  • Back country land granted to French emigrants motivated by "distracted state of France" and "free exercise of their religion" in Canada[20]
  • Editorial notes hanging with dissection carried out in Montreal for first time, and hopes it will be crime deterrent as well as medical lesson[24]
  • All 3 prisoners in Quebec City jail, in close confinement for 3+ years without friends or assistance, "are really starving" on 1 lb. of bread each per day[25]
  • For sale: "Young Healthy Negro Woman capable of most kind of business; good cook and house-maid, understands milking cows and making butter[...]"[26]
  • Edward Conway says Mary Warren has left him and "as a Prostitute I recommend her to the Universe, I being the Fourth Man she has elop'd from"[28]
  • Among many school books for sale is "The Academic Speaker, or a selection of parliamentary debates, orations, odes, scenes and speeches[....]"[29]
  • Offering free tuition to 6 "scholars," teacher cites civil servant salaries that "may not be adequate to the numerous exigencies of a large family"[30]
  • Premiere of "Liberty Asserted, or Canada Restored," historical play set "among the five nations of Iroquois; the plot is very interesting"[31]

Upper Canada

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  • Dorchester intends to create "loyal Aristocracy [in Upper Country] by opening the road to affluence and honors to all [who have] diligence and fidelity"[33]
  • John Johnson reports incomplete surveying has "greatly retarded the settlement of the Country," with would-be settlers discouraged and gone[35]
  • George Clinton calls Joseph Brant "a Man of very considerable Information, Influence and Interprize, and[...]his Friendship is worthy of Cultivation"[37]
  • John Butler advises Haudenosaunee of New York not to enter, even individually, any conflict between U.S. and either British or "Southern Indians"[42]
  • Former missionary among Indigenous people on north side of Lake Ontario suggests U.S. mission on border to influence "Northern Indians"[43]

Nova Scotia

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  • Provincial agriculture society wants county societies formed to learn best ways to grow grains, peas, Indian corn, potatoes, turnips etc.[45]
  • U.S. Treasury Secretary learns of Nova Scotians caught smuggling fish into Boston, and difficulty telling their fish from U.S. crews' catches[46]
  • Assembly committee reports 83 "transient Poor" in Halifax, and is "at a loss what Remedies can be applied" to lessen their number or expense[47]
  • Bishop Inglis, reminding Lt. Gov. Parr of promise of 1,000 acres of bishop's choosing, asks 967 acres bordering his "Aylesford Mountain" property[49]
  • Shipwrecked brig's master believed holding "considerable Sum of Money" owner had on board; $100 reward offered plus 5% of money recovered[50]
  • Missing "Negro Boy Slave Named Dick," about 20, "stoops a little in walking, and has lost [part] of his great Toe of the left Foot;" 40 shilling reward[51]

New Brunswick

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  • "The probability of a War with Spain" means preparing some younger provincial militia members for active service, even with regular troops[53]
  • Thomas Peters, sergeant in Black Pioneers, petitions for land for Black people, as they are "Suffering [and] incapable of paying the poor tax"[54]
  • Brief description of Madawaska settlement by surveyor on field trip[55]

Hudson's Bay Company

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  • "Captain Pauchagee" is "a very good Indian," but keeping him at Eastmain post "very tiklish" as he is leader at "Canadian Settlement [Manicouagan]"[57]
  • "Resident" at York Factory avoids hiring Indigenous men, "for Indians are [so dissatisfied], they think themselves never sufficiently paid"[58]
  • Indigenous hunter at Severn, stabbed in quarrel and stitched up, has recovered enough 6 weeks later to take family trapping but is soon reported dead[60]
  • From "his great propensity to Liquor", Severn first officer Moore is sick with convulsions, sometimes speechless or "troubled in mind"[61]

Pacific coast

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  • "This place[...]is become important from the circumstances which are likely to arise from the trade" - Profile of Nootka Sound and its people[63]
  • Spain willing to make restitution for ships taken in Nootka Sound, but insists on exclusive right to fur trade there and "southern whale fishery"[65]

Labrador

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  • Proposal to print by subscription poem "Labrador, being a descriptive daily instructor how to [operate] in the various businesses on that coast"[66]

Elsewhere

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  • Hundred convicts transported to Newfoundland and secretly dumped there make it to St. John's in bad shape and fighting over poor food supply[68]

References

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  1. ^ "Kings and Queens of Canada". aem. 11 August 2017. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
  2. ^ "Letter from Lord Dorchester to Thomas Carleton" (February 13, 1790), pg. 1, University of New Brunswick. (See also note (pg. 2, top of column) that Dorchester's reply has arrived, but too late for this year's session of Parliament) Accessed 18 July 2023
  3. ^ "Anno Tricesimo; Georgii III Regis; An Act for encouraging new Settlers[....]," The Royal Gazette: and the Nova-Scotia Advertiser Vol. II, No. 75 (August 24, 1790), Page 2 of 2 (righthand page, middle column). Accessed 7 July 2023
  4. ^ "Albany, July 15," The Royal Gazette: and the Nova-Scotia Advertiser Vol. II, No. 74 (August 17, 1790), Page 2 of 2 (lefthand page, right column). Accessed 7 July 2023 (See also Dorchester's summary of Canada's porous defences (PDF frames 13-14) and Grenville's request that Dorchester anticipate U.S. attack (PDF frames 22-3))
  5. ^ "London, January 6; The report of a requisition[....]," The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1289 (April 22, 1790), pg. 3. Accessed 18 July 2023
  6. ^ "New-York, July 27; Extract of a letter from Montreal, July 6," (Quebec) Herald, Miscellany & Advertiser, Vol. II, No. 42 (September 6, 1790), Page 4 of 8. Accessed 13 July 2023
  7. ^ "From the Albany Register; Extract of a letter from Quebec, Feb. 1790," (Quebec) Herald, Miscellany & Advertiser, Vol. II, No. 33 (July 12, 1790), Page 7 of 8. (See also Grenville consulting Haldimand about changes in trade after evacuation, and also "State of the Fur Trade in Canada" (PDF frames 32-4)) Accessed 13 July 2023
  8. ^ Agricultural Society in Canada, Papers and Letters on Agriculture(....) (1790), Baldwin Collection of Canadiana. Accessed 19 July 2023
  9. ^ "Foreign Intelligence; United States; A Plan for the General Arrangement of the Militia[....]," Supplement to The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1285 (March 25, 1790), pg. 2 (near bottom of column). Accessed 18 July 2023
  10. ^ "To John Adams from George Washington" (August 27, 1790), U.S. National Archives. Accessed 27 July 2023
  11. ^ "North America in its present Divisions, agreeable to the Peace" (1790), Baldwin Collection of Canadiana. Accessed 19 July 2023
  12. ^ "Extract from the Chief Justice's Charge to the King's Bench Grand Jury, Tuesday, 2d November, 1790," The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1318 (November 4, 1790), pg. 4. (See also argument of "a Citizen of Quebec" against constitutional reforms) Accessed 19 July 2023
  13. ^ "Lower-Town, 8th Dec. 1790; Mr. Moore[....]," (Quebec) Herald, Miscellany & Advertiser, Total No. 108 (December 13, 1790), Page 1 of 8. Accessed 14 July 2023
  14. ^ "Quebec, November 18; A Correspondent[....]," The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1320 (November 18, 1790), pg. 3. Accessed 19 July 2023
  15. ^ "To His Excellency the Right Honorable Guy Lord Dorchester[....]" (October 31, 1790), The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1318 (November 4, 1790), pg. 1. (See also Coadjutor bishop's thoughts on education (click on PDF and scroll to image 11)) Accessed 19 July 2023
  16. ^ "Quebec, October 14," Supplement to The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1315 (October 14, 1790), pg. 1. (See also Clarke quizzing former governor Haldimand in London about Quebec, including if he can live "respectably" on £1,500/year) Accessed 19 July 2023
  17. ^ "The garrison at Quebec[....]," The Royal Gazette: and the Nova-Scotia Advertiser Vol. II, No. 89 (December 14, 1790), Page 2 of 2 (lefthand page, right column). Accessed 7 July 2023 (See also general orders to militia for defence of province)
  18. ^ "The Petition and Memorial of the Merchants[...]interested in the Flour and Biscuit branches of commerce in the City of Quebec," (Quebec) Herald, Miscellany & Advertiser, Vol. II, No. 50 (November 1, 1790), Page 7 of 8. Accessed 14 July 2023
  19. ^ "Quebec, April 29; To Monseigneur the Bishop of Quebec" (April 22, 1790), Supplement to The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1290 (April 29, 1790), pg. 2. (See also disapproval by several clergymen and dozens of laymen of Bailly de Messein's letter) Accessed 18 July 2023
  20. ^ "Halifax, Nov. 30; Extract from a London Paper, dated Oct. 2," The Royal Gazette: and the Nova-Scotia Advertiser Vol. II, No. 89 (November 30, 1790), Page 2 of 2 (righthand page, left column). Accessed 7 July 2023
  21. ^ "Extract of a letter from(...)Dorchester to(...)Grenville, dated Quebec 8th Feby. 1790" University of New Brunswick. (See also difficulty of overseeing fishery with current Canada-N.B. boundary) Accessed 18 July 2023
  22. ^ "Quebec, June 24; Two weeks ago[....]," The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1298 (June 24, 1790), pg. 3. Accessed 18 July 2023
  23. ^ "Quebec, August 26," The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1308 (August 26, 1790), pg. 2. Accessed 19 July 2023
  24. ^ "Quebec, July 15, 1790; A correspondent observes[....]," (Quebec) Herald, Miscellany & Advertiser, Vol. II, No. 34 (July 15, 1790), Page 2 of 8. Accessed 13 July 2023
  25. ^ "Quebec, Nov. 22 1790; An Humble Address to the Public," (Quebec) Herald, Miscellany & Advertiser, Total No. 54 (December 2, 1790), Page 6 of 8. Accessed 14 July 2023
  26. ^ "To Be Sold[....]," (Quebec) Herald, Miscellany & Advertiser, Vol. II, No. 23 (May 3, 1790), Page 2 of 8. Accessed 12 July 2023
  27. ^ "To Mr. Robustus" (April 13, 1790), (Quebec) Herald, Miscellany & Advertiser, Vol. II, No. 21 (April 8, 1790), Page 6 of 8. (See also letter referred to (Pages 6 of 8 and 3 of 8) submitted by "Robustus") Accessed 12 July 2023
  28. ^ "This is to inform the Public[....]" (July 5, 1790), The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1302 (July 15, 1790), pg. 4 (bottom of column). Accessed 18 July 2023
  29. ^ "For the Use of Schools and Academies," Supplement to The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1305 (August 5, 1790), pg. 2. Accessed 18 July 2023
  30. ^ "Quebec, Sept. 9, 1790; Free-School," (Quebec) Herald, Miscellany & Advertiser, Vol. II, No. 43 (September 9, 1790), Page 8 of 8. Accessed 13 July 2023
  31. ^ "For the Benefit of Mr. Worsdale," (Quebec) Herald, Miscellany & Advertiser, Vol. II, No. 11 (February 1, 1790), Page 5 of 8. Accessed 10 July 2023
  32. ^ "Quebec, May 28, 1790; Francis Lehoullier, Perfumer[....]," (Quebec) Herald, Miscellany & Advertiser, Vol. II, No. 28 (June 3, 1790), Page 4 of 8. Accessed 13 July 2023
  33. ^ Letter of Dorchester to Grenville (May 27, 1790), Records of Niagara; 1790-1792 PDF frames 28-9. Accessed 21 July 2023
  34. ^ E.A. Cruikshank (ed.), "From W.W. Grenville to Lord Dorchester" (June 3, 1790), The Correspondence of Lieut. Governor John Graves Simcoe, with Allied Documents(...); Volume I, 1789-1793 (1923), pg. 13 (PDF frame 12). (Base URL: https://archive.org/details/correspondenceof01simc/page/n5/mode/2up) Accessed 26 July 2023
  35. ^ "Sir John Johnson to Lord Dorchester" (September 13, 1790), Records of Niagara; 1790-1792 PDF frames 53-6 (see last paragraph on 55). Accessed 24 July 2023
  36. ^ "From David and Aaron Hill to Sir John Johnson" (April 15, 1790), Records of Niagara; 1790-1792 PDF frame 20. (See also Dorchester's objection to encouraging "the Indians to abandon their country" in New York (PDF frames 25-6) and his reference to conflict among Kanien’kéhà:ka at Grand River (PDF frame 31)) Accessed 21 July 2023
  37. ^ "To George Washington from George Clinton" (November 26, 1790), U.S. National Archives. Accessed 27 July 2023
  38. ^ Letter of Dorchester to John Johnson (January 21, 1790), Records of Niagara; 1790-1792 PDF frames 4-6. (See also Johnson's reply (PDF frames 7-8) and John Butler's explanations (PDF frames 9-11)) Accessed 20 July 2023
  39. ^ E.A. Cruikshank (ed.), "Proposals for a Corps of Troops [for Canada]" (November 12, 1790), The Correspondence of Lieut. Governor John Graves Simcoe, with Allied Documents(...); Volume I, 1789-1793 (1923), pg. 16 (PDF frame 17). (Base URL: https://archive.org/details/correspondenceof01simc/page/n5/mode/2up) Accessed 26 July 2023
  40. ^ "Muirhead, James; Undated Upper Canada Land Petition of James Muirhead[....]," Land Petitions of the Niagara Settlers "Mortan to Mustard" Accessed 26 July 2023
  41. ^ "Instructions for Mounting Militia Against Wabash" (August 23, 1790), Papers of the War Department; 1784-1800. Accessed 4 July 2023 (See also intelligence received that U.S. forces intend to attack British posts (PDF frames 14-15))
  42. ^ "Speech by John Butler to the Indians" (April 8, 1790), Records of Niagara; 1790-1792 PDF frames 17-18. (See also Indigenous people's reply (PDF frame 18)) Accessed 20 July 2023
  43. ^ Letter to George Washington (January 7, 1790), U.S. National Archives. Accessed 27 July 2023
  44. ^ "Journals and Proceedings of the House of Assembly of the Province of Nova-Scotia," The Royal Gazette: and the Nova-Scotia Advertiser Vol. II, No. 56 (April 13, 1790), Page 1 of 2 (front page) and Page 2 of 2. Accessed 6 July 2023
  45. ^ "To the Printers of the several News Papers in Halifax," The Royal Gazette: and the Nova-Scotia Advertiser Vol. II, No. 43 (January 19, 1790), Page 2 of 2 (lefthand page). Accessed 5 July 2023
  46. ^ Letter to Alexander Hamilton (July 17, 1790) and Letter to Alexander Hamilton (July 23, 1790), U.S. National Archives. Accessed 27 July 2023
  47. ^ "Journals and Proceedings of the House of Assembly of the Province of Nova-Scotia; Saturday 6th March; The Committee appointed to examine into the present State of the Poor-House at Halifax[....]," The Royal Gazette: and the Nova-Scotia Advertiser Vol. II, No. 51 (March 16, 1790), Page 2 of 2 (lefthand page, left column). (See also text of act (Page 1 of 2 (front page, middle column)) authorizing commissioners to manage transient poor, and call to Haligonians (Page 1 of 4, lefthand page) to meeting to vote support money for resident poor people) Accessed 5 July 2023
  48. ^ "Halifax, August 10," The Royal Gazette: and the Nova-Scotia Advertiser Vol. II, No. 73 (August 10, 1790), Page 2 of 2 (righthand page, left and middle columns). (See also report (Page 2 of 2 (righthand page, left column)) of bishop's visit to Lunenburg) Accessed 6 July 2023
  49. ^ "Inglis, Charles - 1790 - Kings County; Memorial" (November 4, 1790), Nova Scotia Land Papers 1765-1800. Accessed 17 July 2023
  50. ^ "One Hundred Dollars Reward[....]" (August 10, 1790) The Royal Gazette: and the Nova-Scotia Advertiser Vol. II, No. 73 (August 10, 1790), Page 2 of 2 (righthand page, right column). Accessed 6 July 2023
  51. ^ "Forty Shillings Reward" (August 2, 1790), The Royal Gazette: and the Nova-Scotia Advertiser Vol. II, No. 72 (August 3, 1790), Page 2 of 2 (righthand page, middle column). Accessed 6 July 2023
  52. ^ "Wants a Place" (August 24, 1790), The Royal Gazette: and the Nova-Scotia Advertiser Vol. II, No. 75 (August 24, 1790), Page 2 of 2 (righthand page, right column). Accessed 7 July 2023
  53. ^ "General Orders," The Saint John Gazette, and Weekly Advertiser Vol. V, Numb. 226 (September 10, 1790), Page 3 of 10. Accessed 5 July 2023
  54. ^ "Petition of Thomas Peters, 18 April 1790" Black Loyalists in New Brunswick. Accessed 17 July 2023
  55. ^ Park Holland, "Account of a 1790 trip to the St John river; Oct. 1st" The Upper St. John River Valley. Accessed 24 July 2023
  56. ^ "From Mr. Edward Jarvis, Chief at Albany Fort" (October 4, 1790), Henley House post journal; 1790-1791 PDF frame 33, Archives of Manitoba. Accessed 27 July 2023
  57. ^ "1790; Sept.; 11," Eastmain post journal; 1790-1791 PDF frame 6, Archives of Manitoba. Accessed 28 July 2023
  58. ^ "1790; Sept.; 10," York Factory post journal; 1790-1791 PDF frame 6, Archives of Manitoba. Accessed 28 July 2023
  59. ^ "Aug'st 1," Red Lake post journal; 1790-1791 PDF frame 5, Archives of Manitoba. Accessed 28 July 2023
  60. ^ Severn post journal; 1790-1791 PDF frames 9, 14, 18, Archives of Manitoba. Accessed 27 July 2023
  61. ^ Severn post journal; 1790-1791 PDF frames 15-16, Archives of Manitoba. Accessed 27 July 2023
  62. ^ Moose Factory post journal; 1790-1791 PDF frames 13, 14, Archives of Manitoba. Accessed 27 July 2023
  63. ^ "London, May 15; Nootka Sound," The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1305 (August 5, 1790), pg. 1. (See also more details here (Page 3 of 8) and here (pgs. 2-3)) Accessed 18 July 2023
  64. ^ "Nootka Sound," The Saint John Gazette, and Weekly Advertiser Vol. V, Numb. 226 (September 10, 1790), Page 1 of 10. Accessed 5 July 2023 (See also "Reasons which may have stimulated Spain to her present Conduct")
  65. ^ "London, June 25," The Royal Gazette: and the Nova-Scotia Advertiser Vol. II, No. 77 (September 7, 1790), Page 2 of 2 (lefthand page, middle column). Accessed 7 July 2023 (See also Official Papers Relative to the Dispute)
  66. ^ "Quebec, April 8, 1790; Proposals[....]," (Quebec) Herald, Miscellany & Advertiser, Vol. II, No. 20 (April 8, 1790), Page 1 of 8. Accessed 12 July 2023
  67. ^ "III; From Hopedale, dated August 25, 1790" 1790-1795, vol. 01: Periodicals Accounts Relating to the Missions of the Church of the United Brethren, pgs. 49-51 (frames 57-9), Memorial University of Newfoundland. Accessed 25 July 2023
  68. ^ "Extract of a letter from Portsmouth, Nov.14," The Royal Gazette: and the Nova-Scotia Advertiser Vol. II, No. 53 (March 30, 1790), Page 2 of 2 (lefthand page, middle column). Accessed 5 July 2023 (See also "London, Nov. 26" report (Pages 6 of 8 and 7 of 8) that transport's captain is in custody in England)
  69. ^ "Mutiny on Board the Bounty Armed Ship," (Quebec) Herald, Miscellany & Advertiser, Vol. II, No. 29 (June 10, 1790), Page 4 of 8. Accessed 13 July 2023
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